In cities lacking a centralized sewerage system, hospitals can pose a significant sanitation threat. Their often high population of patients and staff creates a large wastewater problem that could easily overwhelm a normal septic tank. Worse yet, the wastewater generated is often much higher in pathogen levels, due to the waste outputs of infected patients. Thus, hospitals need to take a lead role in ensuring this wastewater is treated properly to avoid environmental and health risks to the neighboring community.

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