dispersion model Articles
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Aermod View - New Alpha Options in Aermod 22112
With the latest release of the AERMOD model dated 22112, the U.S. EPA has continued to expand the formulated capabilities of the model. Most of these updates have been added as ALPHA non-default options, a concept we covered in a previous modeling tip. AERMOD 22112 contains 6 new ALPHA options which are described below: Platform Downwash Taken from the Offshore and Coastal Dispersion Model ...
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Application of a Lagrangian particle model to the source apportionment for primary macropollutants in Taranto area (South Italy)
A modelling system has been applied to estimate the annual contribution to the total concentrations of different pollutant sources in Taranto, one of the most industrialized areas in Italy. Industrial sources, traffic, domestic heating and harbour emissions have been taken into account. Modelling system includes 3-dimensional meteorological models SWIFT-SURFPRO with the Lagrangian particle ...
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A congestion sensitive approach to modelling road networks for air quality management
This research establishes an approach to modelling a congested road network for air quality management, which enables the assessment of traffic management solutions that may create only subtle changes in the traffic flow regimes. Road network emissions have been calculated using standard factors taking into account details of vehicle fleet composition, average speeds and road type. Additionally, ...
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Dispersion models and air quality data for population exposure assessment to air pollution
Evaluating the extent of exposure to chemicals in absence of continuous measurements of their concentration in air and direct measures of personal exposure is crucial for epidemiological studies. Dispersion models can be a useful tool for reproducing spatio-temporal distribution of contaminants emitted by a specific source. However, they cannot easily be applied to short-term epidemiological ...
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Dispersion of buoyant emissions from low level sources in urban areas: water channel modelling
A laboratory study was done to investigate dispersion of buoyant emissions from near surface sources in urban areas. Ground level concentrations under different surrounding building geometries were measured using a newly developed system based on laser induced fluorescence. In the presence of upstream buildings AERMOD (AMS/U.S. EPA regulatory dispersion model) is unable to explain concentrations ...
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Estimation of NO
xconcentrations for an urban street canyon in IrelandTwo urban street canyon models, STREET and OSPM, were investigated at Pearse Street, in the centre of Dublin City. Both STREET and OSPM is semi–empirical model that calculates series of hourly concentrations at different receptor locations within a street canyon. From the assessment carried out, for the STREET model, the value of the site specific constant parameter K with a value of 7 gave ...
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Evaluation of progress under the EU National Emission Ceilings Directive
In 2001, the European Community adopted the National Emission Ceilings Directive (NEC Directive). Its objective is to limit the emissions of four important air pollutants in order to achieve the directive's interim environmental objectives concerning acidification and eutrophication in sensitive ecosystems, and health- and vegetation.related exposure to ground-level ozone. Over the past decade, ...
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Air quality photochemical study over Amazonia Area, Brazil
This work presents the results of a photochemical modelling system composed of MM5–SMOKE–CMAQ on Brazilian Amazonia area, been a pioneered implementation task. These results focus on the biogenic and biomass burning emissions and the impact of these emissions on regional air quality. Global and local anthropogenic emissions data, satellite–derived biomass burning inventories, ...
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Modelling wet and dry depositions of PCDD/F releases from industrial plants in Apulia, Southern Italy
The modelling system RAMS/CALMET/CALPUFF was used to simulate the atmospheric dispersion and deposition of dioxins emitted from industrial sources over the Province of Lecce (Italy). Comparison between data and predictions shows that the model reasonably simulates the deposition patterns. Dry deposition of PCDD/F extends mainly downwind of the sources following the prevailing wind direction. Wet ...
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Traffic pollution modelling in a complex urban street
This study explores for the first time, the applicability of the Danish Operational Street Pollution Model (OSPM) in the city of Buenos Aires where street canyons are very irregular. The model is applied in an irregular and asymmetric street canyon of a five–lane avenue near a street intersection. Urban background concentrations estimated by the DAUMOD model are considered. Meteorological ...
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Validation of a mesoscale meteorological simulation over Po Valley
Very high secondary pollution concentrations often occur in Northern Italy, due to the density of anthropogenic emissions and frequent stagnant meteorological conditions that characterise the area. In such a situation it is important to use Chemical Transport Models (CTMs), to properly describe phenomena bringing to pollution formation and accumulation. Meteorological models are one of the ...
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WORM: A new open road line source model for low wind speed conditions
Emission from road traffic constitutes one of the most important sources of air pollution in urban areas. This paper describes a newly developed air pollution dispersion model for open roads and highways called WORM (Weak Wind Open Road Model), and give some results using this model at Nordbysletta, Norway, in the period 1 January 200215 April 2002. Generally, a good correspondence was found ...
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Evaluation of new model tools for meeting the targets of the EU Air Quality Directive: a case study on the studded tyre use in Sweden
Two new model tools have been developed for meeting the EU Air Quality Directive targets: SIMAIRroad (related to traffic emissions) and SIMAIRrwc (rwc standing for residential wood combustion). The models have been evaluated for different traffic situations and for residential areas with wood combustion, with promising results. The models can calculate PM10 statistics, such as mean values and 90 ...
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Dispersion modelling of traffic particulate matter in city–scale area
This paper introduces utilisation of the CFD technique for modelling of PM10 (particulate matter 10 µm) dispersion in urban areas, with focus on detailed description of processes in the ground surface boundary layer. The description of deposition and re–suspension processes is introduced and applied on the city–scale model of the city of Brno (pop. 400,000). The air threshold velocity of ...
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A GIS based air quality system for the Apulia region, southern Italy
A GIS based air quality modelling system has been developed in Apulia region in the Southern Italy, to support local authorities in air quality management. Meteorological and dispersion simulations were performed for the year 2005. Predictions have been compared with concentration data from the air quality monitoring network. Results evidence a good correlation between predictions and ...
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PM source apportionment analysis in the Venetian area
A CALMET–CAMx system was implemented to investigate PM10 source apportionment in the urban area of Venice. The modelling system was run for two winter months on a domain covering most of the Veneto region with a 4 km resolution mesh and a 1 km nested grid over Venice and its mainland area, in order to distinguish the local emission contributions from the regional ones. A brute–force method was ...
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Source apportionment technique: inorganic aerosol transformation processes in the Milan area
The CAMx chemical and transport Eulerian model has been applied over a domain focused on the Milan area (Northern Italy) for the whole 2004, on the basis of CityDelta III project input data set. Model results have been analysed by mean of the Source Apportionment technique at the Milan receptor. A quantitative analysis of the main processes governing the Secondary Inorganic Aerosols (SIAs) ...
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Source apportionment of PM2.5 in urban areas using multiple linear regression as an inverse modelling technique
One method to assess the source contribution of particulate matter to urban air quality is through inverse modelling where emissions are estimated using dispersion models and monitoring data. In this paper, a straightforward inverse modelling method, using Multiple Linear Regression, is described and applied to the urban area of Oslo for PM2.5. The results of the inverse modelling method are ...
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Application of adjoint CMAQ chemical transport model in the Athens greater area: sensitivities study on ozone concentrations
The factors affecting ground level ozone concentrations in the Greater Athens Area (GAA) are examined through adjoint sensitivity analysis, using a meteorology and air quality forecasting system based on MM5, the in–house EMISLAB emissions processing system and the chemical transport model Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ). Sensitivities of the ground level ozone concentrations ('response ...
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Modeling emissions from offshore drilling
To regulate drilling activities proposed by oil and gas companies in the oil-rich Gulf of Mexico (GOM), governing agencies require the submittal and approval of certain plan documents before drilling activities can be initiated. For drilling activities in the Western GOM, these plans typically consist of one of the following: EP, or Exploration Plan – required to conduct exploratory ...
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