greenhouse gases emissions Articles
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We’re headed to Paris. But where did we come from?
A look at past UN climate negotiations offers valuable context for this year’s pivotal talks. 2015 is shaping up to be a pivotal year with respect to climate change as growing concern about impacts converges with a critical stage in the decades-long process of shaping an international agreement to change our trajectory. To help us all prepare for the potentially game-changing 21st ...
By Ensia
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An empirical study on the interaction between EUA futures, coal, natural gas and electricity
This paper uses a Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), a method to estimate the adjustment speed of variables toward their long–run relationship in the short run, to investigate the dynamic relationship between the prices of EUA, coal, natural gas and electricity futures. It finds that there is a long–run equilibrium relationship between them. Short–run relationships between them are also ...
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A comparative analysis of city–based emission trading schemes: key design and management factors for environmental cost effectiveness
With more than half the world's population living in urban areas, cities have become a major source of local and global atmospheric pollution. Originally developed in the 1990s to decrease local pollution, Local Emission Trading Schemes (ETSs) are now emerging as a promising cost–efficient instrument to achieve local GHG emissions reductions. This paper compares four existing city–based ETS ...
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AGE assessment of interactions between climate change policy instruments and pre-existing taxes: the case of Ireland
We introduce a computable general equilibrium model for Ireland to investigate the impact of climate policy on the Irish economy, taking special notice of interactions with the existing tax structure. To this end, we extend the model with a detailed representation of the tax system using separate tax data on all transactions, both intermediate and final demand. We simulate the implementation of ...
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Weak-form efficiency of European Union emission trading scheme – evidence from variance ratio tests
In this paper, we applied single period and multiple period variance ratio (VR) tests to European Union allowance (EUA) spot and futures data since their availability in June 2005 and April 2005 respectively up to the end of January 2010. Comparing Phase 1 (2005-2007) and Phase 2 (2008-2012), we find that the products traded in Phase 2 show weaker rejection against the random walk hypothesis than ...
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Extensions to the emission trading system in Spain
Climate change is the subject of debate these days derived from the Copenhagen Summit, where the major commitments and agreements have been discussed. In any case, the commitment within the EU is strong and clear for the immediate future. The commitments to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases within the EU framework have as their main flagship the Emission Trading System (ETS) regime established ...
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Climate change, the new industrial policies and the ways out of the crisis
At its meeting in Stockholm on 20 - 21 Ocotber 2009, the Executive Committee of the European Trade Union Confederation (ETUC) adopted a Resolution on Climate change, new industrial policies and the ways out of the crisis. Weeks before the negotiations in Copenhagen on an international framework on the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions, we find ourselves confronted by three ...
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Portable laser gas detector systems for landfill CH4 and CO2 monitoring
There has recently been a marked increase in interest in detecting and quantifying emissions of the greenhouse gases (GHG) carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) from landfills in North America and Europe. The primary drivers for this increased interest are: new and pending legislation requires demonstrated reductions in GHG emissions; permits to expand existing facilities require more accurate ...
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Laser gas detector systems for greenhouse gas emissions monitoring
Two types of portable laser based gas detector for measuring emissions of the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) from oil and gas operations are described. A scanning open path detector was developed within a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) with the USEPA. This system scans multiple paths across an area source in rapid succession, enabling calculation ...
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GHG accounts in Italy: alternative frameworks on the basis of producer or consumer responsibility
In a previous work we have analysed the relationship between trade flows and Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) emissions for Italy and the results revealed large embodiments of GHGs in imports. These results indicate that a different accounting scheme and responsibility principle should be considered. Therefore, this paper looks at what would be the amount of GHG for which Italy would be responsible under ...
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Impacts of Novel Protein Foods on Sustainable Food Production and Consumption: Lifestyle Change and Environmental Policy
We analyse the impacts of a change in consumers’ preference for Novel Protein Foods (NPFs), i.e. a lifestyle change with respect to meat consumption, and the impacts of environmental policies e.g. tradable emission permits for greenhouse gases (GHGs) or an EU ammonia (NH3) emission bound per hectare. For our analysis we use a global applied general equilibrium (AGE) model that includes consumers’ ...
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Greenhouse gas abatement and tradable emission permits in open economies; a comment on Kalle Maatta's paper
The topic of this paper is the question of what would be an optimum solution for a country or a greater region that wants to become a forerunner in the abatement of greenhouse gases. Tradeable emission permits are identified as being most beneficial from an environmental efficiency point of view especially in a case where trading takes place between energy companies in countries with reliable ...
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