Acid Waste Applications on Environmental XPRT

Acid Regeneration Process

Acid Regeneration Process The commercially most relevant field of application for HCl regeneration processes is the recovery of HCl from waste pickle liquors from carbon steel pickling lines. Other applications include the production of metal oxides such as, but not limited, to Al2O3 and MgO as well as rare earth oxides by pyrohydrolysis of aqueous metal chloride or rare earth chloride solutions. A number of different process routes are available. The most widely used is based on pyrohydrolysis and adiabatic absorption of hydrogen chloride in water, a process invented in the 1960s. However tightening environmental standards and stringent air permit policies render it increasingly difficult to establish new pyrohydrolysis based acid regeneration plants.

By Insheng Engineering Co., Ltd based in Pingtung, TAIWAN.

Continuous emission monitoring for municipal waste incineration

Local authorities incinerate domestic waste and other kinds of waste that typically include plastics, batteries and a diversity of unknown compounds. These may all produce acidic and other toxic emissions. Therefore, efficient flue-gas cleaning systems are needed to prevent their release into the environment.

By Enviro Technology Services Ltd based in Stroud, UNITED KINGDOM.

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Determination of phenoxycarboxylic acid herbicides in water using high performance capillary electrophoresys method using Capel systems

The method allows determination of herbicides classified as phenoxycarboxylic acids, specifically: 2,4-dichloro-- phenoxybutyric acid (2,4-DB), 2,4-dichlorophenoxypropionic acid (2,4-DP, Dichlorprop), 2,4-dichloropheno-- xyacetic acid (2,4-D), and phenoxyacetic acid in samples of natural, potable and treated waste water by capillary electrophoresis.

By Lumex Instruments Group based in Mission, BRITISH COLUMBIA (CANADA).

Applications and Air Pollutants Removed in Hazardous, Solid and Liquid Waste Treatment Operations

Venturi scrubbers with FORCE FLUX Condensation technology and Wet Electrostatic Precipitators for industrial, municipal, sewage sludge and pathological waste incinerators to remove micron, submicron particulate, heavy metals and acid gases. Special quencher/scrubber systems for dioxin removal. HCL scrubbing from PVC plastic waste burning. Fine particulate, acid gases and NOx removal on munitions destruction. Cleanup of all pollutants from liquid waste incinerators and other high temperature destruction processes. Acid and particulate emissions from electronic board and metals recovery operations.

By Bionomic Industries Inc. based in Mahwah, NEW JERSEY (USA).

Waste water respirometry solutions for toxicity reduction tests

In industrial manufacturing companies, before a new process comes on-line, it is important to measure the toxicity of the effluent stream. This is especially the case for companies who treat their own waste. From the toxicity value (EC50) obtained, it may be a cost-effective solution to simply discharge the effluent to the treatment works at a slow and defined rate to minimise damage to the activated sludge. Following a period of acclimatisation it is often possible to increase feed rates to the plant and this can again be managed using the Strathtox Respirometer. An alternative approach is to undertake toxicity reduction procedures, such as neutralisation or acid hydrolysis, in pilot-scale laboratory studies. The Respiration or the Nitrification Inhibition Test may be used for this. In the future, toxicity reduction may be stipulated by local authority, water company or publicly-owned treatment works prior to giving discharge consents. Toxicity reduction may be evaluated using toxicity tests on activated sludge provided by the treatment works.

By Strathkelvin Instruments Ltd. based in North Lanarkshire, UNITED KINGDOM.

Dust collection and odor control in waste management sites

Th turn key plant is composed by three different wet stages. The first stage is a venturi jet scrubber to collect dust and particles, then the second and third stages are deputed to absorb bad smells, such as H2S, Ammonia and Ammines. The absorption takes place thanks to the injection of chemicals (such as Sulphuric Acid, Sodium Hypochlorite and Sodium hydroxide.

By F.G.M. engineering srl based in Santa Croce sull`Arno, ITALY.

Vacuum excavation solutions for animal waste / bedding clean-up / dairy farm / zoo / horse stall clean-up and maintenance

Vac‐Tron Equipment can be used for various clean‐ups involving animal waste and bedding. Large animal environments are cleaned‐up in zoos; animal waste drainage pits, pumping contaminated water out of holding tanks and transferring into disposal tanks, draining and cleaning animal housing ponds, horse stalls for daily maintenance to suck-up urine and solid waste; complete cleaning of bedding area of straw or wood shavings; removes urine that is not good for the horses to smell (like acid or methane gas). Dairy farms implement the same process thereby yielding a cleaner more sanitized living condition for their cows. By utilizing the high pressure water wand to clean ponds, stalls, cages, concrete, landscaping, etc., and removing all animal waste to ensure the health of all animals.

By Vac-Tron Equipment based in Okahumpka, FLORIDA (USA).

High-calcium lime slurry for mining industry

Multiple applications, from acid neutralization of mine waste and process control for mineral separation, to off gas desulphurization, lime is often considered the “life blood” of the mining industry.

By Sudbury Lime Ltd. based in Copper Cliff,, ONTARIO (CANADA).

Environmental technology for water treatment industry

In many fields of water treatment Körting ejectors are applied as gas introducing systems; Waste water aeration in aeration tanks and SBR-Plants. Introducing ozone or oxygen. Pressurised dissolved air flotation. Disinfection of potable water and de-acidification. Further applications are: Diluting and conveying acids and lye during the process of regenerating ion exchangers.

By Körting Hannover AG based in Hannover, GERMANY.

Plating rinse wastewater solution

Plating rinse wastewater is one of the most common applications for ENCON Wastewater Evaporators. Wastewater from plating rinse tends to be rather corrosive. The chemistries used in the plating process can include a wide range of acids such as nitric acid, chromic acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrofluoric acid, as well as other non-acid chemistries like ammonium bifluoride and nickel sulfamate. Typically, the waste stream has a transparent, relatively clean look because they are dilute and the contaminants are in solution.

By ENCON Evaporators based in Hooksett, NEW HAMPSHIRE (USA).

Industrial Solution for gasification & synthetic gas

Gasification and synthetic gas production from various waste products are becoming increasingly important energy recovery technologies. Often, the synthetic gas contains various hazardous contaminants including H2S, HCl and other acids, heavy metals, and tars. The gas requires cleaning before it is introduced in the engine or boiler. Most of these processes generate significant concentration of tars. The tars can vary from very low molecular weight to large and complex chains.

By Macrotek Inc. based in Markham, ONTARIO (CANADA).

Air Pollution Control Solution for the FGD - SO2

Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) involves the removal of sulfur dioxide and other acids from flue gases. Typical sources of acid gases include fossil fuel boilers, waste combustors, and other industrial applications such as refining and smelting. The Macrotek wet and dry FGD systems can achieve over 99% acid removal by using a variety of reagents, including caustic, sodium carbonate, lime and limestone, and waste alkaline solids or liquids.

By Macrotek Inc. based in Markham, ONTARIO (CANADA).

Applications and Air Pollutants Removed in the Biomass Industry

Flue gas particulate and acid gases from biomass and bagasse boilers. Removal of ethanol, CO2 scrubbers and yeast cells from fermenters. Removal of ash particulate, tars, acid gases and ammonia from steam reformers, gasifiers, pyrolosis units and cooling of syngas streams to acceptable limits to enable use as a fuel source for power generation or as a feedstock for chemical products. For tar removal, combination technologies can be used including oil based scrubbing solutions to reduce waste water generation. Ethanol and yeast cell removal from fermenter off-gases. Methanol from processing operations. Hydrogen sulfide removal on landfill, digester and producer gases with regenerable chemistries. Odor control for biomass storage facilities including carbon monoxide removal in wood chip storage areas.

By Bionomic Industries Inc. based in Mahwah, NEW JERSEY (USA).

Applications and Air Pollutants Removed in the Petroleum/Petrochemical Industry

Scrubbing of Hydrogen sulfide, mercaptans and other organosulfur compounds from sour gas and other sources. Proprietary regenerative scrubbing chemistries for hydrogen sulfide removal with sulfur production. By-product production systems for producing sodium hydrosulfide (Nash) from hydrogen sulfide. Sulfur dioxide scrubbing. Recover catalyst dust from FCC units. HCL storage tank vent scrubbing. Removal of HCL and particulate from thermal oxidizers burning chlorinated plastics. Marine drilling platforms sulfur dioxide thermal oxidizer emissions. Asphalt plant scrubbers and hydrogen sulfide emissions from holding tanks. Pilot plant scrubber systems for hydrogen sulfide. Removal of halogenated and sulfur bearing gaseous compounds from high temperature thermal oxidizers and drilling platforms waste. Well drilling hydrochloric acid storage tanks.

By Bionomic Industries Inc. based in Mahwah, NEW JERSEY (USA).

Activated Carbon Filtration for the Water Filtration Industry

General Carbon carries a complete line of activated carbon made from coal, coconut shell and wood for most liquid phase applications. These include acid washed activated carbon for drinking water and food grade applications as well as products suitable for waste water remediation, decolorization applications, chemical and pharmaceutical purification. Additionally, our specialty medias are best for the treatment of non-emulsified oils and heavy metals. Our stock of activated carbon for liquid phase applications are all NSF certified, meaning that they are approved for treatment of food grade applications.

By General Carbon Corp. based in Paterson, NEW JERSEY (USA).

Wastewater treatment solutions for anaerobic sludge digestion sector

Anaerobic digestion is a series of processes in which microorganisms break down biodegradable material in the absence of oxygen, used for industrial or domestic purposes to manage waste and/or to release energy. It is widely used as part of the process to treat wastewater, like Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) reactors. As part of an integrated waste management system, anaerobic digestion reduces the emission of landfill gas into the atmosphere. Anaerobic digestion is widely used as a renewable energy source because the process produces a methane and carbon dioxide rich biogas suitable for energy production, helping to replace fossil fuels. The nutrient-rich digestate which is also produced can be used as fertilizer. The digestion process begins with bacterial hydrolysis of the input materials in order to break down insoluble organic polymers such as carbohydrates and make them available for other bacteria. Acidogenic bacteria then convert the sugars and amino acids into carbon dioxide, hydrogen, ammonia, and organic acids. Acetogenic bacteria then convert these resulting organic acids into acetic acid, along with additional ammonia, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide. Finally, methanogens convert these products to methane and carbon dioxide.

By QM Environmental Services Ltd. based in The Hague, NETHERLANDS.

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