chlorinated compounds Applications

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  Premium

  Ultraviolet disinfection systems for the de-chlorination industry

  The purpose of de-chlorination is the removal of free chlorine and combined chlorine compounds from potable water, as supplied by municipal water supplies. Chlorine will oxidize the surface of thin film composite polyamide membranes, causing the membrane to lose its ability to repel or reject salts. As a result, the membranes used in Reverse Osmosis (RO) or Electro-deionisation (EDI) systems will exhibit shorter lifetimes when exposed to chlorine in the water they are treating and membrane manufacturers will usually specify an upper limit to ensure a suitable life of the membrane. As a result, it is usual to use a method of dechlorination upstream of the RO or EDI system.

  By atg UV Technology based in Wigan, UNITED KINGDOM.

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  Chlorine Dioxide Water Treatment for Oil and Gas Refinieries

  Injecting chlorine dioxide into a well is an established technique for removing sulphides and sulphates from oil and gas wells. CleanOxide Chlorine Dioxide is a practically pure solution of chlorine dioxide. It rapidly oxidises the naturally occurring iron compounds, and is also effective at breaking up and removing organic solids and added polymers.

  By NW Solutions based in Perth, AUSTRALIA.

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  Premium

  Petrochemical

  Durable regenerative thermal oxidizer (RTO) technology is at the core of our systems. MEGTEC designs and engineers system solutions to meet your special requirements, ranging from energy-efficient treatment of dilute volatile organic compound (VOC) flows, such as tank ventilation, to demanding applications utilizing VOC energy for secondary heat recovery; for example, in the form of process streams. This can include pre- and tail gas treatment systems, and could handle hazardous components such as sulphurous or chlorinated hydrocarbons. For special requirements, we can offer FTO (flameless thermal oxidation) and we can design systems operating safely on oxygen contents below 5%.

  By Babcock & Wilcox MEGTEC LLC based in De Pere, WISCONSIN (USA).

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  Premium

  Determination of chlorate, perchlorate, and chlorite ions in drinking water including bottled water

  Introduction

  Chlorination remains the most widespread way of disinfecting water in the world. Its flaws are: high toxicity of chlorine and other chlorinating reagents, also formation of various chlorine-containing compounds, including chlorite-, chlorate, and perchlorate anions. Maximum permitted levels (MPL) of these components are established in WHO Guidelines for drinking water and other regional and national regulations.

  By Lumex Instruments Group based in Mission, BRITISH COLUMBIA (CANADA).

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  Stack Testing for the Aluminum Industry

  ALUMINUM INDUSTRY: Performed a range of test measurements required by the promulgation of the Secondary Aluminum MACT standards. Testing included measurements of Hazardous Air Pollutants for establishing Area vs. Major Source Determinations, as well as dioxin/furan compounds associated with chlorine emissions from fluxing operations.

  By AirSource Technologies, Inc. based in Shawnee, KANSAS (USA).

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  water treatment solutions for the dechloramination

  Chlorine reacts with compounds in the swimming pool water to give rise to by-products. Although there is potentially a large number of chlorine-derived disinfection by-products (DBPs), the substances produced in the greatest quantities are chloramines. Chlorine reacts extremely rapidly with ammonia in the water to form chloramines (monochloramine, dichloramine and trichloramine).

  By bestUV BV based in Best, NETHERLANDS.

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  WATER PURIFICATION

  Citto Activated Carbon ‘Water Series’ provides total solutions for water purification using cutting edge carbon manufacturing technologies. We offer high quality, standard, specially processed products complying with ISO9001-certified. Our carbons effectively remove organic molecules including Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), disinfection by-products (DBPs), chlorinated compounds, chloramines, polycyclic hydrocarbons, heavy metals, colored bodies, toxins and oils among many other contaminants.

  By Citto Corporation based in TORONTO, ONTARIO (CANADA).

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  Enhanced anaerobic biodegradation for the soil and groundwater industry

  Enhanced anaerobic biodegradation is the practice of adding hydrogen (an electron donor) to groundwater and/or soil to increase the number and vitality of indigenous microorganisms performing anaerobic bioremediation (reductive dechlorination) on any anaerobically degradable compound or chlorinated contaminant. The most commonly targeted chlorinated groundwater contaminants are primarily used in industry as degreasing agents and include: Perchloroethylene (PCE), Trichloroethylene (TCE), Dichloroethylene (DCE), Vinyl Chloride (VC).

  Other anaerobically degradable compounds include: carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, methylene chloride, certain pesticides/herbicides, perchlorate, nitrate, nitroaromatic explosives (TNT, RDX), dyes and chlorofluorocarbons (CFC’s).

  By Regenesis based in San Clemente, CALIFORNIA (USA).

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  Potable water treatment

  As a selective oxidizing agent, chlorine dioxide possesses several chemical advantages when compared to the traditional use of chlorine in wastewater treatment. Chlorine dioxide does not hydrolyze in water, and thus it retains its biocidal activity over a broader range of pH. It is also non reactive with ammonia and most nitrogen-containing compounds, and thus effective at lower dose levels than chlorine. It also eliminates phenols, simple cyanides and sulfides by oxidation. Likewise it is effective at odor control and will oxidize sulfides. Chlorine dioxide is also effective at oxidizing iron and manganese compounds.

  By Applied Oxidation LLC based in Chattanooga, TENNESSEE (USA).

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  Water treatment

  As a selective oxidizing agent, chlorine dioxide possesses several chemical advantages when compared to the traditional use of chlorine in wastewater treatment. Chlorine dioxide does not hydrolyze in water, and thus it retains its biocidal activity over a broader range of pH. It is also non reactive with ammonia and most nitrogen-containing compounds, and thus effective at lower dose levels than chlorine. It also eliminates phenols, simple cyanides and sulfides by oxidation. Likewise it is effective at odor control and will oxidize sulfides. Chlorine dioxide is also effective at oxidizing iron and manganese compounds.

  By Applied Oxidation LLC based in Chattanooga, TENNESSEE (USA).

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  MPP water purification systems for industrial waste and process water application

  Removal of total spectrum of non-polar and polar hydrocarbons proven in practice: MPPE removes toxic, non-polar, non biodegradable compounds, aromatics, poly aromatics, halogenated, chlorinated, PCBs, THT (TetraHydroTiophene), Dioxins, CS2 etc. Folowed by biotreatment removing polar biodegradable compounds. Optional: UF and/or activated carbon filtration and RO for reuse as process or boiler feed water.

  By Veolia Water Technologies Techno Center Netherlands B.V. - MPP Systems based in Ede, NETHERLANDS.

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  Ozone/UV systems for swimming pool water treatment

  Studies have proven that chlorine use has negative consequences due to the formation of byproducts, i.e. chlorinated organic compounds and chloramines. Irritation of eyes and mucous membranes, drying out the skin as well as “chlorine smell” are well known troubles. However, these byproducts also accelerate the corrosion in pool halls and significant risk is given by their toxicity (chloramines, combined chlorine) and/or carcinogenicity. Higher rate of asthma prevalence is one of the consequences. These are the reasons why the combined chlorine content - as a marker of chlorination byproducts presence - is to be monitored and why its limit values are specified by authorities. To meet the limits can be tedious and expensive because more water has to be changed and heated up. Chlorine disinfection is not sufficient to prevent infections caused by some waterborne pathogens as dangerous protozoan parasites Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia lamblia.

  By LIFETECH based in Brno, CZECH REPUBLIC.

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  Applications and Air Pollutants Removed in the Petroleum/Petrochemical Industry

  Scrubbing of Hydrogen sulfide, mercaptans and other organosulfur compounds from sour gas and other sources. Proprietary regenerative scrubbing chemistries for hydrogen sulfide removal with sulfur production. By-product production systems for producing sodium hydrosulfide (Nash) from hydrogen sulfide. Sulfur dioxide scrubbing. Recover catalyst dust from FCC units. HCL storage tank vent scrubbing. Removal of HCL and particulate from thermal oxidizers burning chlorinated plastics. Marine drilling platforms sulfur dioxide thermal oxidizer emissions.  Asphalt plant scrubbers and hydrogen sulfide emissions from holding tanks. Pilot plant scrubber systems for hydrogen sulfide. Removal of halogenated and sulfur bearing gaseous compounds from high temperature thermal oxidizers and drilling platforms waste. Well drilling hydrochloric acid storage tanks.

  By Bionomic Industries Inc. based in Mahwah, NEW JERSEY (USA).

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  Water treatment for water distribution systems

  As a selective oxidizing agent, chlorine dioxide possesses several chemical advantages when compared to the traditional use of chlorine in wastewater treatment. Chlorine dioxide does not hydrolyze in water, and thus it retains its biocidal activity over a broader range of pH. It is also non reactive with ammonia and most nitrogen-containing compounds, and thus effective at lower dose levels than chlorine. It also eliminates phenols, simple cyanides and sulfides by oxidation. Likewise it is effective at odor control and will oxidize sulfides. Chlorine dioxide is also effective at oxidizing iron and manganese compounds.

  By Applied Oxidation LLC based in Chattanooga, TENNESSEE (USA).

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  Water treatment for cooling towers

  Controlling and preventing the growth of microorganisms in a cooling tower is extremely important and required to keep the system running at optimal levels. The presence of microorganisms will cause the system to breakdown and decreases the efficiency of the heat transfer. Typically oxidizing biocides such as chlorine and bromine have been used to treat cooling water. Unfortunately these chemicals are highly reactive with other chemicals and microbiological species found in the water. Chlorine dioxide however is very non-reactive to other compounds found in the water and retains biocidal efficacy. Likewise it is also a superior chemical for removing the biofilm, which leads to the most predominant problems that all cooling towers face.

  By Applied Oxidation LLC based in Chattanooga, TENNESSEE (USA).

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  Soil and Groundwater treatment solutions for bioremediation industry

  Today bioremediation is successfully used as soil– and groundwater remediation technology. Many bioremediation systems, both in-situ as ex-situ techniques, usually result in considerable cost savings. Since the beginning of the 1980’s both in-situ and ex-situ bioremediation projects have been successfully completed worldwide through the use of preselected and adapted bacteria. QM Environmental Services supplies a range of microbial, bioactivator and nutrient products and gas delivery systems for the use in both aerobic and anaerobic bioremediation programs. Most common contaminants ranging from aliphatic hydrocarbons such as petroleum, lubrication oils, aromatic compounds like benzene and toluene to chlorinated solvents can be treated with these products.

  By QM Environmental International B.V. based in The Hague, NETHERLANDS.

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  Cyanide Treatment with Hydrogen Peroxide

  Cyanides are used in a number of chemical synthesis and metallurgical processes (as simple salts or cyanide complexes). As a class, cyanides are highly toxic and must be destroyed or removed from wastewaters prior to discharge. The most common method for treating free or simple cyanide is alkaline chlorination. However, chlorination of cyanide results in highly toxic intermediates (e.g., cyanogen chloride) and, if organic material is present, chlorinated VOC’s. These compounds, together with the residual chlorine, create additional environmental problems. Consequently, there is a growing need for alternative, non-chlorine methods for destroying cyanides. Peroxygen compounds such as hydrogen peroxide, peroxymonosulfuric acid (1), and persulfates (1) are effective alternatives to alkaline chlorination for destroying free and complexed cyanides. The choice of peroxygen system depends on the reaction time available, the desired products (cyanate, or CO2 and NH3), the types of cyanides being treated (free, weak acid dissociable, or inert), and the system economics. Treatment with Hydrogen Peroxide While hydrogen peroxide will oxidize free cyanide, it is common to catalyze the reaction with a transition metal such as soluble copper, vanadium, tungsten or silver in concentrations of 5 to 50 mg/L (2).

  By USP Technologies based in Atlanta, GEORGIA (US) (USA).