Hydrogen Sulfide Gas Applications

Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) monitoring

Hydrogen sulfide is the chemical compound with the formula H2S. H2S is colorless, toxic and flammable and is responsible for the foul odour of rotten eggs and flatulence. Hydrogen sulfide often results from sulfur reducing bacteria in nonorganic matter (in the absence of oxygen), such as in swamps and sewers (anaerobic digestion). H2S also occurs in volcanic gases, natural gas and some well waters.

By Ecotech Pty Ltd based in Knoxfield, AUSTRALIA.

Hydrogen sulfide removal treatment for oil and gas industry

The chemicals used for treating for H2S in the oil and gas industry can sometimes be just as hazardous as the H2S itself. MIOX wants to eliminate these hazardous chemicals and let oil & gas companies create their own safe chemistry on-demand as they need it. Whether it is high volume treatment, or low volume treatments in the middle of nowhere with no resources, we have a solution for your need.

By MIOX Corporation - Johnson Matthey`s Water Technologies based in Albuquerque, NEW MEXICO (USA).

Sulfide Oxidation with Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2)

Sulfide Odor Control Sulfide is found throughout the environment as a result of both natural and industrial processes. Most sulfide found in nature was produced biologically (under anaerobic conditions) and occurs as free hydrogen sulfide (H2S) - characterized by its rotten egg odor. We are most likely to encounter biogenic H2S in sour groundwaters, swamps and marshes, natural gas deposits, and sewage collection/treatment systems. Manmade sources of H2S typically occur as a result of natural materials containing sulfur (e.g., coal, gas and oil) being refined into industrial products. For a variety of reasons - aesthetics (odor control), health (toxicity), ecological (oxygen depletion in receiving waters), and economic (corrosion of equipment and infrastructure) - sulfide laden wastewaters must be handled carefully and remediated before they can be released to the environment. Typical discharge limits for sulfide are < 1 mg/L. Sulfide Treatment Alternatives There are dozens of alternatives for treating sulfide laden waters, ranging from simple air stripping (for the low levels present in groundwaters) to elaborate sulfur recovery plants (used to treat several tons per day at refineries and coal burning power plants). There are processes based on biology (using compost filters, scrubbing media, or inhibition/disinfection), chemistry (oxidation, precipitation, absorption, and combination), and physics (adsorption, volatilization, and incineration). Each process occupies a niche which is often defined by the scale and continuity of treatment, whether the sulfide is in solution or is a gas, the concentration of sulfide involved, and the disposition of the sulfide containing medium. However, for reasons relating to convenience and flexibility, chemical oxidation (using hydrogen peroxide) continues to grow in its scope of application. Treatment with Hydrogen Peroxide While other peroxygens such as permonosulfuric (Caro’s) acid, peracetic acid, and persulfates will oxidize sulfide, their use for this application is overkill. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is considerably simpler and more cost-effective. H2O2 may control sulfides in two ways, depending on the application: Prevention - by providing dissolved oxygen which inhibits the septic conditions which lead to biological sulfide formation; and Destruction - by oxidizing sulfide to elemental sulfur or sulfate ion.

By USP Technologies based in Atlanta, GEORGIA (US) (USA).

Force Main Systems Sulfide Odor Control with Hydrogen Peroxide

Force main systems are typically high sulfide odor generators due to septicity conditions related to full pipe flow and a greater anaerobic slime layer (biofilm) thickness. Primary factors that influence sulfide loading generation in a force main include sewage temperature, BOD, retention time, pipe size and flow. Gaseous hydrogen sulfide (H2S) release at the force main discharge is usually the main concern related to odor and corrosion control needs; however, corrosion problems within the pipe can be of a concern (e.g. "crown cutting") at locations where air pockets can lead to concentrated H2S gas build up. Some basic considerations for assessing an appropriate sulfide odor treatment method for force main systems include: Retention time / duration of control Pump station type / cycling (e.g. vfd; start/stop, etc). Force main injection tap points, if any (e.g. air relief valves) Existence of intermediate re-lift stations or in series pump stations Manifold force main systems

By USP Technologies based in Atlanta, GEORGIA (US) (USA).

Disposal wells treatment for oil and gas industry

Treating the water being injected for disposal is not always considered by operators. This is likely costing you money in the long run. Removing iron, heavy metals, and treating out ammonia is a benefit to treating with MIOX’s mixed oxidant solution. While these are benefits of the technology, the most important is the elimination of bacteria which can cause Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S), corrosion pitting, poor injectivity and other problems, resulting in great well workover frequency. Treating injection wells does not need to be expensive, and can be treated as you inject.

By MIOX Corporation - Johnson Matthey`s Water Technologies based in Albuquerque, NEW MEXICO (USA).

Reduced Sulfur Compound Treatment for Refinery Wastewater

Sulfur compounds, such as hydrogen sulfide, thiosulfates and mercaptans, can present serious refinery wastewater problems. Hydrogen peroxide treatment is a cost effective way to treat these reduced sulfur species. http://www.h2o2.com/industrial/refinery-petrochemical-applications.aspx?pid=98&name=Reduced-Sulfur-Compound-Treatment

By USP Technologies based in Atlanta, GEORGIA (US) (USA).

Gas/Liquid and liquid/liquid mixing for air stripping applications

The growing demand placed on the world’s water, in combination with more stringent water quality regulations, have placed unprecedented demands to provide safe, reliable and aesthetically pleasing drinking water. Air stripping is an effective way of removing volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) from contaminated water and is commonly used for this application. Air stripping systems mix air with a water supply with the goal to generate the largest possible air-water contact area so that VOCs and dissolved gases, such as radon and hydrogen sulfide, will move from the water to the air. In addition to removing VOCs, air stripping is primarily used for removing oxidizing contaminants such as iron and manganese, improving taste, or removing odor. Air stripping is an EPA Best Available Technology (BAT) for some VOCs including benzene, toluene, xylene, tri/tetrachloroethylene, trihalomethanes, vinyl chloride and many others.

By Mazzei Injector Company, LLC based in Bakersfield, CALIFORNIA (USA).

Premium

Total sulfur measurement for sulfur compounds in CO2 for food & beverage industry

The BevAlert Model 8900 provides a total sulfur measurement for sulfur compounds in Carbon Dioxide. The measurement includes organic sulfides, Sulfur Dioxide, Carbonyl Sulfide, and Hydrogen Sulfide. The instrument is utilized by Specialty Gas Manufacturers and the Food and Beverage Industry to monitor sulfur compounds in CO2 used in carbonated beverages.

By AMETEK MOCON - Baseline based in Lyons, COLORADO (USA).

Applications and Air Pollutants Removed in the Biomass Industry

Flue gas particulate and acid gases from biomass and bagasse boilers. Removal of ethanol, CO2 scrubbers and yeast cells from fermenters. Removal of ash particulate, tars, acid gases and ammonia from steam reformers, gasifiers, pyrolosis units and cooling of syngas streams to acceptable limits to enable use as a fuel source for power generation or as a feedstock for chemical products. For tar removal, combination technologies can be used including oil based scrubbing solutions to reduce waste water generation. Ethanol and yeast cell removal from fermenter off-gases. Methanol from processing operations. Hydrogen sulfide removal on landfill, digester and producer gases with regenerable chemistries. Odor control for biomass storage facilities including carbon monoxide removal in wood chip storage areas.

By Bionomic Industries Inc. based in Mahwah, NEW JERSEY (USA).

Total Reduced Sulfur (S) monitoring

Total reduced sulfur(s), which include hydrogen sulfide (H2S), methyl mercaptan (methanethiol, CH3SH), dimethyl sulfide (CH3SCH3), and dimethyl disulfide (CH3S2CH3), occur naturally in the environment and can also be present in numerous industrial gaseous streams – petroleum refining, natural gas extraction, and chemical operations like the pulp/paper industry. Hydrogen sulfide is the most prevalent of the total reduced sulfurs, and is commonly found in volcanic gases, marshes and swamps, wetlands and mud flats, sulfur springs and decaying organic matter. Additionally, hydrogen sulfide is produced by living organisms, including human beings, through the digestion and metabolization of sulfur-containing materials. It must be noted that sulfur dioxide (SO2), sulfur trioxide (SO3) and sulfuric acid mist are not included in the determination of TRS, as these are oxidized sulfur compounds and are permitted and monitored separately from TRS.

By Ecotech Pty Ltd based in Knoxfield, AUSTRALIA.

Applications and Air Pollutants Removed in the Petroleum/Petrochemical Industry

Scrubbing of Hydrogen sulfide, mercaptans and other organosulfur compounds from sour gas and other sources. Proprietary regenerative scrubbing chemistries for hydrogen sulfide removal with sulfur production. By-product production systems for producing sodium hydrosulfide (Nash) from hydrogen sulfide. Sulfur dioxide scrubbing. Recover catalyst dust from FCC units. HCL storage tank vent scrubbing. Removal of HCL and particulate from thermal oxidizers burning chlorinated plastics. Marine drilling platforms sulfur dioxide thermal oxidizer emissions. Asphalt plant scrubbers and hydrogen sulfide emissions from holding tanks. Pilot plant scrubber systems for hydrogen sulfide. Removal of halogenated and sulfur bearing gaseous compounds from high temperature thermal oxidizers and drilling platforms waste. Well drilling hydrochloric acid storage tanks.

By Bionomic Industries Inc. based in Mahwah, NEW JERSEY (USA).

Applications and Air Pollutants Removed in the Pulp and Paper Industry

Equipment and systems for Kraft and Sulfite mills. Control chlorine and chlorine dioxide emissions from bleaching operations. Brown stock washer emissions. Control particulate emissions from lime kilns, lime slakers, black liquor recovery boilers, furnaces and gasification units. Particulate from bark and sludge boilers and sulfur dioxide and trioxide removal from those sources. Control of hydrogen sulfide, TRS and methanol emissions from LVHC and HVLC gas streams. Complete fugitive lime dust collection systems to handle emissions from conveyors, elevators and feeders. Smelt dissolving tank particulate and TRS gases. Direct contact waste heat recovery. Black liquor evaporation. Treatment and subcooling of boiler and kiln gases to remove particulate, sulfur dioxide and TRS for precipitated calcium carbonate production (PCC). Dust from tissue and paper rollers and dryers. NASH and sodium hypochlorite scrubbing. Waste heat recovery with direct contact heat exchangers.

By Bionomic Industries Inc. based in Mahwah, NEW JERSEY (USA).

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