The legislative norms for treated wastewater discharge in terms of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P concentrations are becoming increasingly stringent in the EU region. Compliance with the consent values compelled the water authorities to implement moving bed biofilters (MBFs) for tertiary stage effluent polishing. However, on-site and field surveys reveal that numerous MBF units suffer from ...
Received for publication June 14, 2008. Drainage ditches are a key conduit of nitrogen (N) from agricultural fields to surface water. The effect of ditch dredging, a common practice to improve drainage, on the fate of N in ditch effluent is not well understood. This study evaluated the effect of dredging on N transport in drainage ditches of the Delmarva Peninsula. Sediments from two ditches ...
To improve the efficiency of simultaneous heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification (SND) at high concentrations of NaCl and ammonia nitrogen (NH4+—N), we investigated the SND characteristics of Halomonas bacteria with the ability to synthesize the compatible solute ectoine. Halomonas sp. strain B01, which was isolated, screened and identified in this study, could simultaneously ...
Received for publication September 10, 2008. Simple nitrogen (N) input/output balance calculations in agricultural systems are used to evaluate performance of nutrient management; however, they generally rely on extensive assumptions that do not consider leaching, denitrification, or annual depletion of soil N. We constructed a relatively complete N mass balance for the Big Ditch watershed, an ...
Received for publication February 29, 2008. The high N inputs to agricultural systems in many regions in 27 member states of the European Union (EU-27) result in N leaching to groundwater and surface water and emissions of ammonia (NH3), nitrous oxide (N2O), nitric oxide (NO), and dinitrogen (N2) to the atmosphere. Measures taken to decreasing these emissions often focus at one specific ...
Received for publication August 25, 2008. The effects of nitrogen (N) across a deposition gradient on bacterial and fungal degradation pathways were studied in southern California coastal sage scrub soils to determine whether elevated N levels alter microbial community structure and organic matter accumulation. Three sites across an N deposition gradient having low, intermediate, and high levels ...
N-nitrosamines are well known as carcinogens present in the environment. However, studies of the occurrence and fate of N-nitrosamines and their N-nitrosamine formation potential (FP) in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are lacking. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to determine the occurrence of N-nitrosamines in WWTPs, the FP of N-nitrosamines on chloramination during wastewater ...
Simple nitrogen (N) input/output balance calculations in agricultural systems are used to evaluate performance of nutrient management; however, they generally rely on extensive assumptions that do not consider leaching, denitrification, or annual depletion of soil N. We constructed a relatively complete N mass balance for the Big Ditch watershed, an extensively tile-drained agricultural watershed ...
Subsurface drainage in agricultural watersheds exports a large quantity of nitrate-nitrogen (NO3–N) and concentrations frequently exceed 10 mg L–1. A laboratory column study was conducted to investigate the ability of a wood chip bioreactor to promote denitrification under mean water flow rates of 2.9, 6.6, 8.7 and 13.6 cm d–1 which are representative of flows entering subsurface drainage tiles. ...
Nitrogen species (NH3-N, NO3-N, and NO2-N) are found as one of the major dissolved constituents in wastewater or stormwater runoff. In this research, laboratory experiments were conducted to remove these pollutants from the water environment using radiata pine (Pinus radiata) sawdust. A series of batch tests was conducted by varying initial concentration, dosage, particle size, pH, and ...
The variation in plant biomass and nitrogen (N) removal capacity with species composition was studied in two constructed wetlands. Findings indicated that increased species compositions had a positive influence on plant biomass and a negative effect on the inorganic N concentrations in substrate and substrate solution (effluent). Elevated N concentrations enhanced the effects of species ...
A novel composite electrode material based on a N-doped TiO2-loaded NaY zeolite membrane (N-doped TiO2/NaY zeolite membrane) for photoelectrocatalysis was presented. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV–visible (UV-vis) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) characterization techniques were used to analyze the structure of the N-doped TiO2/NaY zeolite membrane. ...
Cutting external waste loads can improve water quality. Allocation for reducing waste loads should consider changing variables, such as river flows and pollutant emissions. A particle swarm optimization (PSO) method and coupling artificial neural network (ANN) models have been applied to optimize reduction rates of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) loads from sewage outlets in Harbin, northeast China. ...
The degradation of dimethyl phthalate (DMP), which is a pollutant of concern in the water environment, was carried out by catalytic ozonation with N-methyl hydroxylamine (N-HA) at different pH. The process and mechanism were investigated for the removal of DMP and ozone (O3) under various experimental conditions including pH, N-HA dosage, and with or without tert-butyl alcohol (TBA). The ...
This paper seeks to assess the potentials of countries to grasp value from nanoscience and nanotechnology (N&N) opportunities as reflected in the crucial, but mostly overlooked, field of micro and nanofabrication technologies. N&N potentials are assessed relative to the paths along which the nano knowledge structures are being channelled. Conceptually, this is visualised in terms of the ...
Extended statistical entropy analysis (eSEA) is used to evaluate the nitrogen (N) budgets of 13 Austrian wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The eSEA results are then compared to the WWTPs specific N-removal rates. Among the five WWTPs that achieve a removal rate of 75% the eSEA detects significant differences in the N-performance. The main reason for this is that eSEA considers all ...
The aims of this study were to (i) assess N fluxes (mineralization, volatilization, denitrification, leaching) caused by spreading various organic wastes from food-processing industries during a field experiment, and (ii) to identify the main factors affecting N transformation processes after field spreading. Experimental treatments including the spreading of six types of waste and a control soil ...
In this research removal of NH3-N, NO3-N and PO4-P nutrients from municipal wastewater was studied, using Chlorella vulgaris, Pseudomonas putida, Bacillus cereus and an artificial consortium of them. The objective is to analyze the performance of these microorganisms and their consortium, which has not been previously studied for nutrient removal in municipal wastewater. A model wastewater ...