developing countries Articles
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Medical waste in developing countries
Developing countries or countries without well established infrastructures tend to have smaller satellite medical practices or clinics that are used by the local communities. These clinics tend to not carry a huge amount of supplies or have access to the latest machinery and equipment to do complex procedures but remain vital in the fight against key health issues such as fighting infection and ...
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Developing countries and climate change
This paper is a discussion of the policies of developing countries in the negotiations on climate change. To most developing countries, this is not considered a major issue (except for OASIS countries) but it was used as an instrument for leveraging their claims for a better distribution of wealth among nations and an increase in Official Development Assistance (ODA). The adoption of renewable ...
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Intelligent transport system for developing countries
Over the years, traffic volumes on roads have increased considerably. Henceforth, traffic congestion continues to worsen producing longer commute times, increased energy consumption and air pollution, besides robbing people of a precious commodity-their time. Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) have emerged as a worldwide solution to handle these problems. Like any other transportation ...
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Economic Aspects of Sanitation in Developing Countries
Background: Improved sanitation has been shown to have great impacts on people's health and economy. However, the progress of achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) on halving the proportion of people without access to clean water and basic sanitation by 2015 has thus far been delayed. One of the reasons for the slow progress is that policy makers, as well as the general public, ...
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Land degradation in developing countries: what is the problem?
Based on a review of case studies from developing countries this paper argues that global assessments of land degradation should be interpreted with care. On the one hand, degradation is not a linear process that can easily be measured by static parameters. Positive environmental outcomes are often linked to the process of land use intensification, an outcome that depends on an interplay among ...
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Integrated Solid Waste Management in Developing Countries
Integrated solid waste management has become the mainstream solid waste management approach especially in developed countries. This has significantly improve solid waste management especially through its emphasis on preventation of waste generation as well as recycling. The same has not happened in developing countries which, coincidentally are facing huge and growing challenges in solid waste ...
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International transactions in intellectual property and developing countries
This paper discusses the international dimension of intellectual property protection with an emphasis on the implications for developing countries. It explores the effects of IPR protection on trade, foreign direct investment, and technology licensing, and reviews empirical evidence in this context. Finally, it discusses how international transactions in intellectual property affect the ...
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Will a global warming agreement be fair to developing countries?
Fairness, or equity, is a major concern of developing countries in negotiating a global agreement on greenhouse gas emission reductions. Operational versions of several equity concepts are analysed in the context of tradeable permits. We find that a global least-cost mitigation strategy is compatible with a variety of equity criteria. Moreover, the more cost-effective the global strategy, the ...
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The Anaerobic Digestion of Bio-Waste in Developing Countries
The anaerobic digestion process is typically used as a means of waste disposal or energy production. Anaerobic digestion of bio-waste in developing countries is extremely beneficial as it doesn’t just generate clean and safe energy, it also contributes towards other economic development issues and has considerable environmental benefits. In this article we will explore the many benefits of the ...
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GHG-Framed mitigation actions by Developing Countries
International negotiations on climate change have recognized the importance of enhanced national action on mitigation, and of finance, technology, and capacity-building support to developing countries. Since 2009, a growing number of developed and developing countries have pledged mitigation targets and actions, and developed countries have committed to provide financing to developing countries, ...
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Environmental quality and reproductive health in developing countries
Women's reproductive health plays a crucial role in sustaining population health. This is because as women's health improves they are more likely to make healthy choices and promote the health and well–being of their children (Rapport et al., 1998). This paper utilises a sustainability perspective on reproductive health (Subramaniam, 1999). We argue that social and economic factors have direct ...
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Science parks in developing countries: the case of BIORIO in Brazil
Science parks provide an ideal interface between university and industry, not only for developed countries, but also for developing countries. The biotechnology pole of Rio de Janeiro, discussed after a survey of the main characteristics of science parks, demonstrates this case. In conclusion, ten main necessary conditions for the success of a science park are suggested. These include not only ...
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Water and climate variability in developing countries: the case of Uganda
Water safety and climate mitigation measures are global concerns. In this study, climate variability and related health implications were examined. The data included 11,101 outpatient records in the Luwero district from the Ugandan Ministry of Health database, the records of 2,358 outpatients connected with water-related health risks linked to climate variability (diseases such as cholera, ...
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Main issues related to CDM: a developing country perspective
Four years after the Kyoto Protocol was agreed to, issues related to operationalising CDM are yet to be resolved. This paper presents the debate on key CDM issues, namely, those of baselines, additionality, supplementarity, application of the sustainable development criteria and the inclusion of sinks as CDM projects. CDM is compared with other flexible mechanisms defined in the Kyoto Protocol. ...
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Technical implications of the 1987 Montreal Protocol for developing countries
The 1987 Montreal Protocol, which came into force in 1989 and was subsequently strengthened by the 1990 and 1992 amendments, has profound implications for both developed and developing countries. The implications for developed countries have understandably received and continue to receive considerable attention. However, the implications for technology, industry, training and development, and the ...
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Potential for integrated risk assessment in a rapidly developing country
In Kuwait, risk assessment became an issue during the Iraq/lran war when several industrial and other activities became targets for hostile actions. With the torching of the oil-wells in 1991 and the resulting severe air and soil pollution, assessment of the risk was of prime importance. The health impacts and risk assessment were further addressed when the Environmental Protection Council ...
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Overview of solid waste management in economically developing countries
Recently, protection of public health and of the environment by utilizing proper methods for the management of municipal solid wastes is gaining importance in economically developing countries (DCs). Inefficient collection methods, insufficient coverage of the collection system, combined with improper disposal of municipal solid wastes and contaminated sources of water supply, are major threats ...
By ORBIT e.V.
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Modelling the policy challenges confronting globalising developing countries
The article models the policy challenges facing globalising developing countries. Models from the pure theory of international trade, the small open economy model, growth accounting, the Solow-Swan model, the gravity model, models of portfolio diversification and currency crises models are reviewed to distil policy guidelines to promote the globalisation of developing countries. The overriding ...
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Regionalization of models for operational purposes in developing countries: an introduction
This special edition is a compilation of papers delivered orally at the workshop on regionalization of models for operational purposes in developing countries held during the joint International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS) and International Association of Hydrogeologists (IAH) International Convention in Hyderabad, India during September 2009. The overall theme of the convention ...
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Global governance of technology: meeting the needs of developing countries
In 2000, world leaders adopted the United Nations Millennium Declaration in which they pledged to halve, by 2015, the proportion of the world's people earning less than a dollar a day, suffering from hunger and unable to obtain safe drinking water. This paper argues that meeting these targets will entail concerted efforts to raise economic productivity in the developing world and to redirect ...
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