Acid Eddy, Chemical Dilution Trough

The approach of summer is a good time to check the performance and, more importantly, the physical condition of your cooling towers. After all, it’s easier to repair a tower when weather conditions don’t put a strain on its cooling capacity. A cooling tower passes air over tiny droplets or the exposed surface of a water film. In both cases, a small amount of water is vaporized, drawing the latent heat from the remaining liquid water, reducing its temperature. Splash fill continuously breaks up...

Untitled Document Victoria, Australia Wallingford Software`s asset business planning and urban drainage network modeling solution InfoWorks CS and its predecessor solutions have been used in Victoria, Australia for wastewater modeling since 1992. While dynamic modeling has been the standard planning and analysis platform for over a decade for wastewater networks, it is only in recent years that dynamic modeling of stormwater drainage systems has taken place on any scale. The Infrastructure Group at...

The success of early surface flow treatment wetlands in Canada was limited by hydraulic blockages and oxygen limitation due to freezing. From 1991 to 1996, Dr. Edgar Lemon, with the Friends of Fort George, researched a sub-surface vertical flow constructed wetland treating lagoon effluent at Niagara-on-the-Lake, funded by the Ontario Ministry of Environment (MOE) and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). This new approach resulted in effective winter treatment due to the fact that water was...

ABSTRACTThe dissipation of ambient or process heat in large HVAC systems, manufacturing facilities, power generation plants, refineries, metal mills and forges, chemical plants and food processors is most often accomplished by cooling towers. These simple structures facilitate the transfer of unwanted energy (heat) from a transport liquid (usually water) to the atmosphere. The bane of cooling towers, with relation to efficient heat transfer and pathological risks to employees, issuspended solids. These solids can...

Untitled Document Summary The new amendments to ASHRAE Standard 62-2001, Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality, require a minium separation distance between cooling towers and outdoor air intakes or doors and windows that are a part of a natural ventilation design. However this minimum distance does not necessarily provide protection to building occupants from exposure to cooling tower contaminants. These contaminants may be either bacteria from an infection in the...

Introduction Regulatory pressures and economic considerations require industry to become cleaner, more efficient, and more environmentally benign. Such operating principles advance not only good public relations but reduce liability, improve working conditions, and relieve or simplify regulatory reporting obligations. One area where an environmentally friendly technology has been applied pertains to electronic water treatment in cooling towers. The conventional method for the treatment of recirculating water...

When properly applied, ion exchange for concentrated ion recovery is by far the best available technology. Where effluent streams can be filtered and ions requiring different regenerants can be segregated, ion exchange is usually the most cost effective and least capital intensive solution. We provide 4 levels of integration to cover most applications and capital budgets. The variations in the system configuration trade your labor and attention for our automation. As you invest capital, the cost of operation,...

Introduction The leak repair requirements, under Title VI Section 608 of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990, require that when an owner or operator of an appliance that normally contains a refrigerant charge of more than 50 pounds discovers that refrigerant is leaking at a rate that would exceed the applicable trigger rate during a 12-month period, the owner or operator must take corrective action. The Clean Air Act also requires that refrigerant vented into the atmosphere during installation, service or...

Issue: In Europe some uses of biotechnology are meeting vocal opposition from certain quarters. Nevertheless, the vast amount of knowledge acquired recently in biology can be used to develop and apply biotechnology for an environmentally safe agriculture. Public acceptance and a new policy impetus can serve to promote the introduction of safe and competitive agricultural technologies that have a minimum environmental impact. Relevance: Increasing long-term health and environmental concerns regarding the use of...

Unidrive Pty Ltd undertake extensive machining operations during the production of automotive components. In the past this resulted in the generation of 20,000 litres of waste coolant every week. By implementing a coolant recovery and recycling system, Unidrive have saved approximately $179,000 per annum as a result of more efficient coolant usage and management. Background Unidrive Pty Ltd was established in the late 1950s and currently has a workforce of over 400. It manufactures drive assemblies and other...

If you are thinking of generating your own electricity, you should consider a photovoltaic (PV) system—a way to generate electricity by using energy from the sun. These systems have several advantages: they are cost-effective alternatives in areas where extending a utility power line is very expensive; they have no moving parts and require little maintenance; and they produce electricity without polluting the environment. This publication will introduce you to the basic design principles and components of...

Cavitation is a major problem in the chemical industry because it affects a basic tool, the centrifugal pump. A sudden increase in the velocity of the pumped liquid reduces the inlet pressure, sometimes below the vapor pressure.The result is formation of gas and bubbles. Detecting the signs of cavitation, and correctly identifying and understanding the type of cavitation present, can help an operator prevent serious damage. HOW CAVITATION OCCURS The pressure of the liquid in a centrifugal pump drops as it...

There has been a sharply falling trend in the total volume of sales of agricultural pesticides in the EU between 1991 and 1995. But this was reversed in 1996. From 1991-1995, EU sales of pesticides, measured by weight of active ingredients (ai), fell by 13%. They then rose by 6% between 1995 and 1996 to stand at 299,826 tonnes ai. But this still put them nearly 8% below the 1991 figure. The use of lower-dose pesticides has been a key contributor to the fall in weight of active ingredients sold in recent years....