Summary: At the Amistad Dam site an investigation was made with a 56 electrode STING/Swift system to determine the location of leaks which have effectively drained the giant dam of water. As it was not immediately obvious which array type would return the best data three different arrays were recorded on the same electrode layout. The resulting three 2D profiles show both similarities and differences. The conclusion is that dipole-dipole and Schlumberger are good choices for lateral structures whereas Wenner gives high resolution near the surface but also 'noisy' data towards increasing depths. Wenner seems to have a strong signal/noise ratio but averages fine information and thus smooths the picture. Schlumberger seems to be a good compromise, good detail with lateral resolution and good signal/noise ratio resulting in good depth penetration.
Summary
Biological fouling on membranes is a major problem in desalination and water purification plants. Oceanographers and limnologists have found that most marine and fresh waters are full of microscopic Transparent Exopolymer Particles, otherwise known as TEP. In this article, aquatic microbiologist Tom Berman and Filtration Specialist Marina Holenberg (Amiad Filtration Systems, Amiad, Israel) propose that TEP in source waters is a prime factor leading to biofilm growth on membrane surfaces. Because TEP...
Protecting Water - Safeguarding water is a high priority in Ghana. Locals explained that this well is surrounded by elaborate stonework for two reasons: to keep surface water from leaking into the well and to provide run for spilled water.
Gasoline Range Organics (GRO) and Diesel Range Organics (DRO) contaminated the aquifer underlying a warehouse/equipment storage facility in Homer, AK. This contamination originated from leaks in underground storage tanks located in the northern section of the site. Groundwater flow at the site is controlled in large part by a finger drain running through the facility. This finger drain, cut four feet into the ground and filled with coarse gravel, is responsible for the majority of contaminant migration. This...
Introduction
In this knowledge-driven world of the 21st century, companies are seeking to implement technology solutions for environmental information needs that seem to be continually changing and expanding. This article will identify key needs and outline possible technology solutions, focusing on the information and tools needed by the environmental professional, an important knowledge worker in this new business environment.
Consider the example of a U.S.-based manufacturer that has a number of operations...
INTRODUCTION
The condition of public infrastructure has become a common story in the United States media. Numerous newspaper, magazine, and television reports have described the need to upgrade the nation’s aging infrastructure. Estimated costs for these upgrades are staggering, typically in the hundreds of billions if not trillions of dollars. Despite these high estimates, there is no unified funding mechanism in place to finance these needed improvements. Thus, utilities must develop effective and rational...
Bioremediation is the method of choice to effectively clean up a small spill of hydrocarbons. In this case, five-hundred liters of BTEX has spilled from an above ground storage tank into a pasture that is located at the west edge of the Royal Roads University (RRU) grounds. The soil is classified as a Gleyed Eutric Brunisol based on recent laboratory analysis; it contains clay, but is fairly loose and porous for the upper meter, and then reaches an impermeable clay boundary (Burke, 1998). The dominant vegetation...
The concerted effort of employees was the key to the success of Westpac’s energy conservation program which, in 1994, reduced electricity bills by $2.54 million, more than recouping the initial outlay of $1.8 million in only the first year. In 1995, the bank outlayed another $1.1 million but saved an additional $1.5 million, increasing recurrent annual savings to $4 million. The program revolved around simple, good housekeeping measures: such as switching off unused lights and computers, setting appropriate room...
Introduction
The ability to hear sounds is a sensory function vital for human survival and communication. However, not all sounds are wanted. `Unwanted sounds`, for which the term `noise` is normally used, often have their origin in human activities (mainly transport, industry and households).
This article addresses environmental noise also referred to in the scientific literature as community, or residential, noise. Environmental noise is the noise experienced by people generated outside households. Noise...
`Dynamic workplan` is the term used to describe a hazardous waste site characterization approach that incorporates several key elements:
Systematic planning of a site characterization project must be performed before any field activities begin by using a well-rounded technical team. With stakeholder input, the team determines the site decisions, which are clearly stated goals and objectives for the investigation. Once the site decisions are defined, the kind of information needed to support scientifically and...
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Summary:
During the spring of 1989, the owners of a combined bulk and gasoline service
station in Brampton, Ontario discovered leaks from one of the site`s underground
storage tanks and from a section of piping supplying the above-ground tanks.
Diesel fuel and gasoline were migrating into groundwater as well as escaping
into storm sewers and contaminating a nearby creek. Company officials estimated
that more than 46.500 litres of free diesel product had leaked...
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