Cyclic storage system (CSS) is defined as physically interconnected and operationally integrated surface water and groundwater subsystems with full direct interactions between the subsystems. Mathematical development and implementation of a CSS model is very complex and all previous works are fully case dependent with a minimum possibility of generalization. This article proposes an integrated development environment called CSSDev, which assists researchers to create and design object-oriented CSS models more easily. Using CSSDev, researchers may skip regeneration of repetitive simulation codes for common elements of a CSS. CSSDev employs NSGA-II to optimally select the design parameters of the models. Two objective functions of the optimization problem are system's total costs and total loss associated with the development alternatives. A real-world large-scale CSS has been modeled and optimized to illustrate the performance of CSSDev. The final Pareto-front is presented and two selected solutions from the set of optimal non-dominated ones are evaluated and discussed.
Buoyancy-driven turbulent dispersion in a maturation pond is studied using a combination of field measurements and computational fluid dynamics. Modelling flow in maturation ponds requires turbulent closure models because of the large physical size and the need to model on diurnal timescales. Simulation results are shown to be more sensitive to the inclusion of a buoyancy production term appearing in the turbulent transport equations than to the model choice. Comparisons with experimental thermal profiles show...
In this work, the preparation and characterization of glutaraldehyde-crosslinked electrospun nanofibers of chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol) (GCCPN) as a new adsorbent for tetracycline (TC) is reported. Electrospun nanofibers of chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) were prepared by employing a 75:25 volumetric ratio of chitosan:PVA, voltage of 30 kV, collection distance of 10 cm, and injection flow rate of 2 mL/h. Then, the nanofibers were crosslinked via applying the glutaraldehyde on them for 3 h at 40 °C. The nanofibers...
A novel magnetic bio-adsorbent (MCIA) was developed, characterized and tested for its Cd(II) removal from aqueous solution. MCIA could be easily separated from the solution after equilibrium adsorption due to its super-paramagnetic property. The functional and magnetic bio-material was an attractive adsorbent for the removal of Cd(II) from aqueous solution owing to the abundant adsorption sites, amino-group and oxygen-containing groups on the surface of Cyclosorus interruptus. The experimental results indicated...
The study examined two low-cost point-of-use water treatment systems developed in respect of bacterial and particulate removal when exposed to surface water for three months. Bacterial removal efficiency was estimated using E. coli and fecal coliforms, while particulate reduction efficiency was estimated by determining turbidity and total suspended solids (TSS). The systems investigated were the Gift of Water System (GWS) made in USA and the Drip Filter System (DFS) Model-JW-PD-1-70 made in South Africa. The...
In the present work, the surface and filtration properties of TiO2 coated polyacrylonitrile ultrafiltration membranes were investigated. The membranes were coated using the physical deposition method. The appropriate TiO2 coverage proved to be 0.3 mg/cm2, which formed a hydrophilic cake layer on the membrane surface. The cleanability without chemicals and the retention of the coated membranes was compared to the neat membrane after model oily wastewater filtration. The cleaning sustained of rinsing with distilled...
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