This study focuses on the anaerobic treatment of sulfate-containing municipal wastewater at 20 °C with a fluidized bed reactor. Mean influent chemical oxygen demand (COD) and sulfate concentrations were 481 and 96 mg/l. The response of the COD removal efficiency to increasing organic loading rates (OLR) was investigated. Average total COD removal was 61% at OLR between 2.7 and 13.7 kg COD/(m³·d) and did not distinctly depend on the OLR. To assess the removal efficiency in more detail the COD in- and output mass flows were balanced. The results showed that only 11–12% of the input COD was recovered as gaseous methane. About 12–13% of the input COD remained in the effluent as dissolved methane. Furthermore, a distinct amount of 12–19% of the input COD remained in the reactor as settled sludge and was not further biologically degraded. Due to the reduction by sulfate-reducing bacteria, 13–14% of the input COD was degraded. Further adverse impacts of the influent sulfate on the anaerobic treatment process are discussed as well.
This study focuses on the use of fluidized glass beads as turbulence promoters in a laboratory-scale anaerobic membrane bioreactor treating municipal wastewater at 20 °C. The addition of fluidized glass beads into an external tubular ceramic membrane enabled the operation at low crossflow velocities of 0.053–0.073 m/s (mean fluxes between 5.5 and 9.7 L/(m2·h)) with runtimes >300 h. Glass beads with a diameter of 1.5 mm were more effective than smaller ones with a diameter of 0.8–1.2 mm. Increasing the bed...
The biosorption potential of orange waste (OW) was investigated using synthetic solutions of arsenic and contaminated drinking water under different parameters, e.g. biosorbent dose, initial concentrations of solution, contact time, and pH in a batch system. The optimum conditions were identified as a contact time of 30 minutes, pH 6, biosorbent dose of 1 g L−1, and initial arsenic concentration of 250 ppb. A fluidized bed column was used to study the removal of arsenic in the column. The results showed that...
A ‘membrane-denitrification’ reactor (MDR) was developed and tested in a semi-technical recirculation aquaculture system in comparison to a double – without MDR – as reference system. The MDR consisted of a reactor with an ultrafiltration membrane unit for removal of micro-particles (e.g. sludge flocs, bacteria and parasites). Specific carrier material provided surfaces for biofilm growth in a fluidized bed reactor with ethanol as carbon source for denitrification. The continuous motion of these carriers cleaned...
Pellet fluidized bed reactors have been widely used to soften water. Reports from laboratory-scale research on the particle growth kinetics of calcium carbonate in pellet reactors have been put forward. However, the reports have not been comprehensive as they only consider the influence of supersaturation on the calcium carbonate growth process. The influence of three factors, namely, the superficial velocity (SV), particle size (L0), and supersaturation (S) on the particle growth rate of calcium carbonate were...
In this paper, a fast mass transfer anaerobic inner loop fluidized bed biofilm reactor (ILFBBR) was developed to improve purified terephthalic acid (PTA) wastewater treatment. The emphasis of this study was on the start-up mode of the anaerobic ILFBBR, the hydraulic loadings and the operation stability. The biological morphology of the anaerobic biofilm in the reactors was also analyzed. The anaerobic column could operate successfully for 46 days due to the pre-aerating process. The anaerobic column had the...
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