US EPA Method 8270D specifies a procedure for the determination of semivolatiles in solid waste and ground water samples. The long list of analytes includes compounds of a variety of functionalities. A 0.25 μm df column is commonly used for this method, as it will allow for a short analysis time. However, the thin phase film of this dimension limits its sample capacity. An alternative choice is a 0.50 μm df column, which can accommodate higher concentrations and thus extend the calibration range.
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are one of the most widespread persistent organic pollutants, identified in every component of the global ecosystem. A production of approximately 2 * 10 9 Kg technical PCB occurred form 1930 to the late 1970 1 and the total amount released into the environment is estimated in 370. 000 2 tonnes. Twelve of the possible 209 PCBs are non- and mono-ortho substituted chlorinated biphenyls. They resemble 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro dibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in their biological action, bio accumulat...
Up to now, the recovery of precious metals used as catalysts in chemical processes has involved the use of incineration. Now, however, a British-Swedish joint venture has developed a process which uses supercritical water oxidation instead, which provides many economic and environmental advantages.
Precious metals are used extensively in catalysts in a wide range of industrial chemical processes. Sometimes they are used in a homogeneous form, but more often fixed to a solid support for ease of handling. In many...
ABSTRACT: The effect of Hydrogen Release Compound (HRCTM) in enhancing the anaerobic bioremediation of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons (CAHs) was observed in a single well pilot study. HRC is a proprietary, environmentally safe, food quality, polylactate ester formulated for the slow release of lactic acid upon hydration. Microbes metabolize the lactic acid releases by HRC and produce hydrogen, which can be used by reductive dehalogenators to dechlorinate CAHs. The objective of the pilot study was to enhance...
ABSTRACT: This case study shows that there is potential to remediate dissolved vinyl chloride by oxygenation in the field. Residual vinyl chloride concentrations have been remediated in the field at a mid-western site with a phosphate-intercalated peroxygen (ORC®, a proprietary formulation of magnesium peroxide that releases oxygen slowly). The site was formerly operated as an aluminum coating facility that stored aromatic and chlorinated solvents in a underground storage tank (UST). The UST created a narrow...
Another backyard composting adage states that compost should have the feel of a wrung-out sponge — damp but not dripping wet. Actually, a wrung-out sponge may be on the dry side for composting, but the analogy does provide a great image for understanding the reasons for balancing moisture. Like a compost pile (or windrow or material in a vessel), a sponge is a solid mass containing an enormous network of pores. The pore spaces hold moisture, air and other gases. The wrung-out sponge has a good deal of water in...
ULTRAPURE WATER CRITERIA - AN OVERVIEW
`Pure water` is a relative term. Practically speaking, no water, naturally occurring or treated by man, consists solely of H2O molecules. Forever in pursuit of achieving equilibrium with its surroundings, water has unique characteristics that result in its ability to dissolve most matter. This property of water to dissolve and transport materials is employed by the electronics industry for the critical rinsing steps essential to the fabrication of integrated microcircuitry....
Many of the Environmental Protection Agency`s (EPA`s) methods used to monitor air, water and soil for environmental contaminants prescribe step-by-step details on how the chemical analysis must be conducted and prohibit any deviations or variations. The EPA has recognized that monitoring equipment and technology have improved tremendously over the last few years; that environmental media do not always act the same way for each analysis; and that the matrix may affect the analysis and results. The EPA has been...
Executive Summary
Field analytical instrumentation and methods were used to support a site characterization study at the Airfield at Hanscom Air Force Base (HAFB) Operable Unit 1. HAFB is located in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, and occupies land in the towns of Bedford, Concord, Lexington, and Lincoln. U.S. Air Force military operations began in 1941 and continued through 1973. With the cessation of military flying activities in 1973, the airfield and the surrounding land was given to the Massachusetts Port...
Information presented for SVOCs may also be appropriate for many of the contaminants presented in this subsection.
The term `explosive waste` commonly is used to refer to propellants, explosives, and pyrotechnics (PEP), which technically fall into the more general category of energetic materials. These materials are susceptible to initiation, or self-sustained energy release, when present in sufficient quantities and exposed to stimuli such as heat, shock, friction, chemical incompatibility, or electrostatic...
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