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Ag speciation in a chloride medium was dependent upon the Cl/Ag ratio after releasing into surface water. In this study, the photoreaction of
Hydrogen is a colorless, odorless, non-toxic, flammable and explosive gas, and fluorine, chlorine, oxygen, carbon monoxide and air mixture were in danger of explosion; The mixture of hydrogen and fluorine spontaneous explosion in low temperature and dark environment; When hydrogenmixed with chlorine ratio was 1:1, under light can also be the explosion.Hydrogen is colorless and tasteless, burning flame is transparent, so its presence is not easy to be found in many cases.Usually we add ethyl mercaptanto the...
Sampling campaigns at several points in a sector of a distribution network were conducted during several months to study the spatial and temporal variation of the free chlorine concentration (FCC) and disinfection by-product concentrations (DBPC) at the scale of a residential neighborhood. The water residence times (RT) at these sampling points and for the same period were also simulated using EPANET. Within the neighborhood, the results reveal significant differences in measured FCCs and DBPCs and low intra-day...
Residual chlorine concentration decreases along distribution networks because of factors such as water quality, physical properties of the pipeline, and hydraulic conditions. Hydraulic conditions are primarily governed by transient events generated by valve modulation or pumping action. We investigate the impact of transient events on the rate of chlorine decay under various flow conditions. To comprehensively compare the performance of existing chlorine models, 14 candidate models for chlorine concentration were...
This study investigates the interaction of persulfate with soil components and chlorinated volatile organic compounds (CVOCs), using thermally activated persulfate oxidation in three soil types: high sand content; high clay content; and paddy field soil. The effect of soil composition on the available oxidant demand and CVOC removal rate was evaluated. Results suggest that the treatment efficiency of CVOCs in soil can be ranked as follows: cis-1,2-dichloroethene > trichloroethylene > 1,2-dichloroethane >...
After the January 2010 earthquake in Haiti, an existing development program promoting household water treatment with chlorine rapidly expanded and provided relief to 15,000 earthquake-affected households. Initially, 157 community health workers (CHWs) distributed chlorine tablets; ten months later, CHWs began selling locally manufactured solution. The program was externally evaluated in March and November 2010; 77–90% of recipients had free chlorine residual (FCR) in household water. Internal monitoring by three...
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