Successful achievement of the MDGs related to water and sanitation will require the right number of staff, in the right place, at the right time and equipped with the relevant skills to be able to design, implement and manage projects. In order to assess the capacity in the sector the UK’s Department for International Development (DFID) commissioned a research study focusing on case studies in Bangladesh, East Timor, Mali, South Africa and Zambia. The aim was to develop and pilot a methodology in these five countries in order to derive quantitative and qualitative data about human resource requirements in the sector.
Executive Overview
New voices are beginning to be heard in the debate over water, and new ideas – good and bad – considered. Among the most powerful and controversial of these new ideas is that water should be considered an “economic good” – subject to the rules and power of markets, multinational corporations, and international trading regimes.
In the last decade, this idea has been put into practice in dozens of ways, in hundreds of places, affecting millions of people.
Prices have been set for water...
Monitoring Moisture In Composting Systems
IF YOU SQUEEZE a handful of material and water drips or trickles out, it is the right moisture content for composting.” This bit of hands-on wisdom comes from the proverbial squeeze-test for evaluating moisture in composting piles. It has been uttered by Master Gardeners and other composting educators for many years as a tool for determining, and teaching about, the balance of moisture in the composting process. Balance is the key word because, while moisture is necessary...
More than a billion people in the developing world lack safe drinking water – an amenity those in the developed world take for granted. Nearly three billion people live without access to adequate sanitation systems necessary for reducing exposure to water-related diseases. The failure of the international aid community, nations, and local organizations to satisfy these basic human needs has led to substantial, unnecessary, and preventable human suffering. This paper argues that access to a basic water...
Abstract
Africa
The economic and social needs of Africa depends more on its environmental resources but these natural resources are seriously declining and that is really effecting the entire region. Sustainable development in this rapidly changing region has become an imperative, and must take place in the complex context of a diverse and changing ecosystem, political transition and evolution toward market economies.
The region is heading towards integrating environmental components into sectors like...
Background
The Printing Office (TPO) is a medium sized print shop employing 15 staff. It specialises in the production of high quality, short run jobs.
In the printing industry, the use of solvents has always been a problem. Whether it is from the point of view of workplace health and safety or from environmental concern, any reduction in the use of solvents is a welcome change. Motivated by these issues, TPO decided to trial a new dampener roller washer system that uses no solvents.
Issue
The offset...
Measuring and valuing the health impacts of pollution are very complex and available methods of economic analysis are often rudimentary. In recent years, considerable progress has been made, especially in respect to air pollution. This note summarizes the latest findings and outlines some basic approaches that can be applied in the economic analysis of Bank projects and sector studies. However, a degree of uncertainty still remains, and great care must be taken in their application.
Background
Investments in...
Introduction
The Clifton Water District (Colorado) covers roughly 20 square miles stretching east of Grand Junction to Palisade, and extending south from I-70 to the Colorado River. The District has approximately 7,400 service connections serving a population of 30,000. Utilizing the Colorado River as its primary source, the District`s Charles A. Strain Water Treatment Plant has a capacity of 12 million gallons per day (mgd). Conventional water treatment processes are employed including presedimentation, coagulati...
Better than 95% of all dialysis centers use water purification equipment to purify water for dialysis. The centerpiece of these water purification systems has become reverse osmosis. In conjunction with sound pretreatment, RO has proven itself to be the safest, most reliable, and most economical method of purifying water for dialysis.
Water plays an important, life-sustaining role for dialysis patients. And as such, the water used for this critical function must be of special quality.
When hemodialysis started...
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