This article demonstrates how the availability of seawater desalination is important, not just as an additional source of water supply on a national scale, but as a potential ‘game changer’ in transboundary hydro-political interactions. The advent of desalination can change the nature of relations from a zero-sum game based on resource capture to a mutually beneficial business-like relationship typical in international commodity trade. It also allows for flexibility in policy approaches, and challenges the advantages and disadvantages hitherto thought of as inherent in upstream–downstream relations. This has wide ramifications for possible cooperation and conflict over international shared water resources. This study analyses the possible implications of desalination on hydro-politics, and then presents a case study of the hydro-political relations between Israel and Jordan in order to demonstrate how different aspects of transboundary political interactions are already being affected by the development of desalination. It demonstrates the ways in which the option of desalination allows states to pursue both unilateral and collaborative policies that were not practical in the period prior to desalination. The paper concludes by emphasizing the need for a revised analytical paradigm for analysis of hydro-politics in light of the development of desalination.
AGI’s Multi-Electrode Switch Box is an accessory to the SuperSting Wi-Fi. It allows the SuperSting Wi-Fi to automatically control and switch passive electrodes connected by a passive multi-electrode cable for automatic data acquisition in 2D, 3D, and 4D surveys. The rugged and sealed design makes it ideal for harsh environments like sub-surface, marine and borehole measurements, and long-term monitoring systems.
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Seawater covers 71% of the planet surface and represents 97% of the world's water，and seawater has a lot of resources to be explored.Along with recycled wastewater, it is one of the few rainfall-independent water sources.However,in the current condition,seawater cannot be used directly because of the high salinity.To solve it,many methods of desalination are adopted.Desalination is a process that extracts minerals from saline water. More generally, desalination refers to the removal of salts and minerals from a...
Horizon is an environment company focused on water treatment.In the latest years,with the improvement of industrial economy,water quality is becoming worse and worse.To prevent the pollution trend,our government has raised the standard of sewage discharge several times,so traditional process and technology of water treatment can’t apply for the environmental requirements and technology revolution and innovation are necessary.In the recent years,many company and community have improved products to meet...
Desalination of seawater is becoming an important means to address the increasing scarcity of freshwater resources in the world. Seawater has been used as drinking water in the health, food, and medical fields and various beneficial effects have been suggested, although not confirmed. Given the presence of 63 minerals and trace elements in drinking desalinated seawater (63 DSW), we evaluated their effects on the behavior of tumorigenic and nontumorigenic cells through the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl...
Forecasting the efficiency of solar still production (SSP) can reduce the capital risks involved in a solar desalination project. Solar desalination is an attractive method of water desalination and offers a more reliable water source. In this study, to estimate SSP, we employed the data obtained from experimental fieldwork. SSP is assumed to be a function of ambient temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, solar radiation, feed flow rate, temperature of feed water, and total dissolved solids in feed water. In...
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