In this study application of modified CANDLE burn-up scheme for medium-sized (800-1500 MWt) long-life Pb-Bi cooled fast reactors with natural uranium as fuel cycle input has been performed. The reactor cores are subdivided into several parts with equal volume in the axial directions. The natural uranium is initially put in region 1, after one cycle of 10 years of burn-up it is shifted to region 2, and 10 years after that it is shifted to region 3. This concept is applied to all regions, i.e. shifted the core of I-th region into I+1 region after the end of 10 years burn-up cycle. The first region 1 is filled by fresh natural uranium fuel. The core radial size is optimised to give maximum power density around 400 W/cc.
The approach of summer is a good time to check the performance and, more importantly, the physical condition of your cooling towers. After all, it’s easier to repair a tower when weather conditions don’t put a strain on its cooling capacity.
A cooling tower passes air over tiny droplets or the exposed surface of a water film. In both cases, a small amount of water is vaporized, drawing the latent heat from the remaining liquid water, reducing its temperature. Splash fill continuously breaks up...
With an ongoing focus on energy and carbon management and cutting costs, the FMCG sector has a need to achieve energy savings, and refrigeration and chilling is the perfect place to focus.
Whether it be manufacturing processes, food storage in distribution centres, or the operation of supermarket displays, industry producers, distributors and retailers can often expect around 50% of their site’s electricity costs to be from the use of refrigeration technology. In food transportation, the use of on-board...
Just last August, about 120 people in the South Bronx were infected with Legionnaires’ Disease and 12 people died. At the time, up to 5 cooling towers in the area tested positive for Legionella, a fatal bacteria that grows in warm, damp environments and can spread once contaminated water has become aerosolized and the vapor is inhaled.
In this post, we’ll be discussing where Legionella can be found and in our infographic, we’re sharing 6 things you should know about this hazardous bacteria.
Acco...
Objective:The objective of this study was to test the toxic action or better the non existence of toxicity of a new anti-slime compound compound by using the responses of D. polymorpha.The "Cool Puck" was developed to detach easily the biofilm from all substrates in closed cooling water systems, especially for getting rid of slime and biofilm in the filling of cooling towers.The manufacturer claims that the product is not toxic for fish and macrofauna and only helps to loosen the biofilm from any substrate. A...
One of the simplest and most cost-effective ways in which to extend the life of a cooling tower, improve heat transfer efficiency and reduce maintenance downtime, is to upgrade the cooling tower’s fill media to components constructed out of robust and non-clogging materials such as Polypropylene (PP), PVC or stainless steel.
Fill is a critical component in the heat transfer process of evaporative cooling systems, acting as the medium over which the hot water is distributed as it is being cooled. Fill’s...
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