A biotrickling filter (BTF) was used to investigate the elimination of flue gas adsorbent containing sulfite, sulfate, and hydrosulfate; it was undertaken to replace the regeneration step of dual-alkali flue gas desulfurization. Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) isolated from landfill leachate were inoculated, and overall desulfurization performance as well as impact resistance was evaluated. The results showed that an efficient SRB could reduce the start-up time to 1 h, which is one third of that required for initial condition, for a sulfite removal efficiency above 80%. Further, the sulfite removal efficiency rose to 98% in 3.9 h with the lower packing load of 5.56 kg SO32−-S/(m3d), and in 6.4 h for 6.37 kg SO32−-S/(m3d). In contrast, 85% removal efficiency in 5 h for sulfate and 98% removal efficiency in 0.5 h for hydrosulfite were obtained when the packing loads were 0.95 kg SO42−-S/(m3d) and 1.76 kg HSO3−-S/(m3 d), respectively. Moreover, the BTF could quickly restore after impact shock, such as, 0.5 h restoration time for initial pH which varied from 4.5 to 6.5, 6 d for 27 d shutdown behavior, and 4 d for 5 h high temperature shock of 85 °C. Therefore, the BTF system was an effective method for flue gas adsorbent treatment.
Activated carbon is processed to have small, low-volume pores that increase the surface area available for adsorption. It has applications in the medical, environmental and energy realms, among others.
Since 1962, ASTM Committee D28 on Activated Carbon has developed standards that play a pre-eminent role in how activated carbon is used. A D28 subcommittee, D28.02 on Liquid Phase Evaluation, is currently working on two proposed standards.
WK47401, Xylenol Orange Dye
The xylenol orange dye test is a way to...
Pilot-scale study of a biotrickling filter using synthetic, high surface area media was undertaken by MSD Louisville, with the intention of saving the high cost of operating thermal oxidizers. Currently, two recuperative thermal oxidizers are used to treat odorous emissions from various sources. The pilot study showed that it is possible to treat hydrogen sulfide and organic sulfur compounds at high removal rates to achieve exit odor concentrations below the levels currently attained by the thermal oxidizers....
The water reclamation plant at Mt. Dora, Florida
had an odor problem at the headworks collection
well. Several pump stations in the community send
their water to this location. The discharge of the
various lines is random. At times one line may be
discharging water while other lines are idle. At other
times multiple lines are discharging. There are
periods of no water discharge at various times
during the day. As a consequence, hydrogen
sulfide (H2S) levels vary greatly from hour to hour
and even from...
Up to now, the recovery of precious metals used as catalysts in chemical processes has involved the use of incineration. Now, however, a British-Swedish joint venture has developed a process which uses supercritical water oxidation instead, which provides many economic and environmental advantages.
Precious metals are used extensively in catalysts in a wide range of industrial chemical processes. Sometimes they are used in a homogeneous form, but more often fixed to a solid support for ease of handling. In many...
Abstract
Because of their versatility and their durability, polyurethanes (PU) have become an essential part of our modern way of living. This paper gives an overview on PU recycling achieved until today making full use of the combined resources of ISOPA, BING and EUROPUR. Recycling targets, brought forward by the European Commission with respect to `End of Life Vehicles` and `Waste of Electric and Electronic Equipment`, are put into perspective. Maximum benefit for mankind and the environment will be gained, if...
Diversion data following distribution of bins indicate that home composting probably won’t make a significant dent in New York City’s waste stream, but can more than pay its way and boost recycling awareness.
New York City may not normally be associated with yards and gardens, but there are good reasons to study backyard composting’s effect on waste diversion, especially because the impending closure of the city’s last landfill in 2001 means that nearly 12,000 tons/day of residential waste will have to be...
Abstract
The mechanisms controlling heavy metal leaching have been investigated in a pilot landfill containing cemented municipal solid waste incinerator flue gas scrubber residues. Leachate composition with respect to Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn has been determined as a function of hydrological and geochemical properties of the landfilled material. During dry periods the leachate composition was constant. During rain events the leachate was diluted with rain water. The change in concentration of the elements in the...
The management of volatile organic compounds in bakery exhaust gases was identified as a high priority problem by the American Bakers Association in conjunction with their member companies. Biotrickling filter technology was evaluated among other approaches and was selected for a pilot study to control ethanol emissions from a bakery oven exhaust gas stream. Biofilters and biotrickling filters use microbial populations in biofilms that grow on support media to degrade or transform contaminants in the air. The...
Issue: As part of an increasing sentiment among European consumers that environmental protection is important, concern about the impact of landfill is growing. Sensor technology makes it possible to measure and control inputs to landfill sites and pollutants arising from them. However, the exploitation - or uptake - of such technology has been lower than expected in the waste management sector. Relevance: Coordinated European science and technology policies can help improve exploitation of sensor technology, and...
Introduction
Pollution Prevention Guidelines to provide technical advice and guidance to staff and consultants involved in pollution-related projects. The guidelines represent state-of-the-art thinking on how to reduce pollution emissions from the production process. In many cases, the guidelines provide numerical targets for reducing pollution, as well as maximum emissions levels that are normally achievable through a combination of cleaner production and end-of-pipe treatment. The guidelines are designed to...
Common treatment technologies for halogenated SVOCs in soil, sediment, and sludge include biodegradation, dehalogenation, incineration, and excavation with off-site disposal.
All types of biodegradation, both in situ or ex situ, can be considered to remediate soils: in situ bioremediation, bioventing, composting, controlled solid phase, or landfarming. Slurry phase biological treatment is also applicable but is less widely used. Treatability studies should be conducted to evaluate design parameters, such as...
Unlike organic contaminants (and similar to metals), radionuclides cannot be destroyed or degraded; therefore, remediation technologies applicable to radionuclides involve separation, concentration/volume reduction, and/or immobilization. The most commonly used treatment technology for radionuclides in soil, sediment, and sludge is solidification/stabilization (S/S). This treatment technology is described briefly below.
Solidification processes produce monolithic blocks of waste with high structural integrity....
Containment treatments are often performed to prevent, or significantly reduce, the migration of contaminants in soils or ground water. Containment is necessary whenever contaminated materials are to be buried or left in place at a site. In general, containment is performed when extensive subsurface contamination at a site precludes excavation and removal of wastes because of potential hazards, unrealistic cost, or lack of adequate treatment technologies.
Containment treatments offer quick installation times and...
The main advantage of ex situ treatments is that they generally require shorter time periods, and there is more certainty about the uniformity of treatment because of the ability to screen, homogenize, and continuously mix the soils. Ex situ processes, however, require excavation of soils leading to increased costs and engineering for equipment, possible permitting, and materials handling worker safety issues.
Thermal treatments offer quick cleanup times but are typically the most costly treatment group. This...
It may be necessary to know other subsurface information to remediate nonhalogenated semivolatile organics in water. Treatability studies may be required to determine the contaminant biodegradability for any biodegradation technologies. Treatability studies are also necessary to ensure that the contaminated ground water can be treated effectively at the design flow. A subsurface geologic characterization would be particularly useful to any isolation or stabilization technologies. Ground water models are also...
Introduction
Solidification/stabilization (S/S) reduces the mobility of hazardous substances and contaminants in the environment through both physical and chemical means. Unlike other remedial technologies, S/S seeks to trap or immobilize contaminants within their `host` medium (i.e., the soil, sand, and/or building materials that contain them), instead of removing them through chemical or physical treatment. Leachability testing is typically performed to measure the immobilization of contaminants. S/S techniques...
Each person in the United States generates about 4.5 pounds of solid waste per day almost one ton per year. Most of this waste is deposited in municipal solid waste landfills. As this landfilled waste decomposes (a process that may take 30 years or more), it produces landfill gas. Landfill gas contributes to the formation of smog and poses an explosion hazard if uncontrolled. Furthermore, because landfill gas is about 50 percent methane, it is both a potent greenhouse gas and a valuable source of energy.
Substanti...
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