Many water providers in urban developing country contexts have to supply the water intermittently due to the disparity between rapidly growing demand and investment in supply infrastructure. This can lead to water quality risks such as ingress of polluted groundwater and unsafe household storage. This study has investigated the common risks and possible alternative solutions down the supply chain in the Nagpur municipal piped network through quantitative and qualitative data collection. The water quality testing indicated a significant reduction in water quality between tap and point-of-use. Interviews and a sanitary survey indicated storage design, inappropriate extraction practice and children's access as the most frequent household storage risks. The people with socio-economically lower status were found to be in greatest need of interventions. The study leads to the following recommendations: there is a need for the evolution of a Water Safety Plan to enable supportive structures for good risk assessment which includes all stakeholders from source to point-of-use; community awareness of water quality risks needs to be raised; low cost ‘improved’ water storage at household level should be promoted; and the levels of residual chlorine should be investigated and adjustments made to assure potable water at point-of-use.
Keywords: intermittent supply, water quality, Water Safety Plan
It is a sad and scary truth, but many homes have arsenic in their water systems. High levels of arsenic can be dangerous to you, your family, your pets, and the property you inhabit. Do not panic, though. Simply research an arsenic filtration system. There are many advanced methods that can be used to remove arsenic from water. Arsenic in water removal is completely affordable and safe.Below are the top 5 benefits of investing in devices or systems that can filter arsenic out of your water supply.
Notes about...
“Water, water, everywhere, Nor any drop to drink.”–The Rime of the Ancient Mariner, Samuel Taylor Coleridge
Many topics of conversation among oil and gas industry professionals are predictable – oil price trends, the “great shift change” imperiling the available workforce, and production quotas and caps from OPEC. Yet one pressing topic among those developing unconventional shale reservoirs would likely be eye-opening to an outsider—the pressures of sourcing and disposing...
DescriptionReleases of petroleum contaminants from a retail gasoline station in a medium-sized California Central Valley town threatened a municipal supply well immediately adjacent and approximately 200 ft downgradient to the station. Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) was present in groundwater concentrations up to 30,000 micrograms per liter (µg/L) and GRO up to 33,000 µg/L in the first-encountered groundwater aquifer, between 30 to 45 feet below ground surface (BGS). The concern was that the MTBE...
Description
An undocumented surface spill at an active manufacturing facility located adjacent to a public water supply well field released chlorinated volatile organic compounds (PCE, and its breakdown products: TCE, c-DCE, and VC) into soils and groundwater. The driver for site cleanup was three water supply wells located 200 feet downgradient of the site bounds. The chosen endpoint remediation technology was ozone sparging employing the KTI C-Sparge™ process to reach the target cleanup criteria of EPA...
In long distance water supply projects, the air vessel is an effective and reliable protection measure to control water hammer. Although it can effectively eliminate water hammer during the process of hydraulic transient, the volume of the traditional air vessel is large due to the long distance pipeline, resulting in high investment. In this paper, based on the analysis of the transient in long distance water supply pipelines, a protection method, combining the air vessel with the downstream valve, is proposed...
Customer comments
No comments were found for Deterioration in water quality from supply chain to household and appropriate storage in the context of intermittent water supplies. Be the first to comment!
