Many water providers in urban developing country contexts have to supply the water intermittently due to the disparity between rapidly growing demand and investment in supply infrastructure. This can lead to water quality risks such as ingress of polluted groundwater and unsafe household storage. This study has investigated the common risks and possible alternative solutions down the supply chain in the Nagpur municipal piped network through quantitative and qualitative data collection. The water quality testing indicated a significant reduction in water quality between tap and point-of-use. Interviews and a sanitary survey indicated storage design, inappropriate extraction practice and children's access as the most frequent household storage risks. The people with socio-economically lower status were found to be in greatest need of interventions. The study leads to the following recommendations: there is a need for the evolution of a Water Safety Plan to enable supportive structures for good risk assessment which includes all stakeholders from source to point-of-use; community awareness of water quality risks needs to be raised; low cost ‘improved’ water storage at household level should be promoted; and the levels of residual chlorine should be investigated and adjustments made to assure potable water at point-of-use.
Keywords: intermittent supply, water quality, Water Safety Plan
Auditing the new ISO 14001:2015: Environment Impacts does not equal Risk
In recent transition audits, there has been one common misconception that I have seen repeated, and that is that environmental impacts are risks. This is not correct. Environmental impacts do not equal risk.
Let’s start with the definition of environmental impact from the ISO 14001:2015 standard.
“3.2.4 – environmental impact: change to the environment, whether adverse or beneficial, wholly or partially resulting...
In the paper the issue of failure risk assessment in water supply system (WSS) was presented. Problems of water supply network failure constitute a crucial issue in waterworks practice. The results of the analysis were obtained on the basis of real data from water network operation. Attention has been paid to the problem of risk assessment in the context of risk acceptance criteria. An example of criteria application was shown for the exemplary water supply network. The water network indicators: failure frequency,...
In this paper, the risk of water supply systems as a combination of hydraulic analyses (consequence) and failure probability of pipelines based on the actual condition is discussed. On the one hand, a stepwise closing of pipelines calculates the influence on customer's supply which represents the importance of a pipe. On the other hand, based on existing failure statistics, age and material distribution, a failure probability of a pipe segment is calculated. The two factors represent a risk matrix which is...
How procurement strategies, manufacturing costs and new technology stack up against development risk in Offshore Wind Projects.
Offshore wind is changing, and it is changing for the better. In 2006, offshore wind deployment costs started rising significantly, from £1.5m/ MW, in 2016 prices, to over £4m/MW in 2012, without a clear indication as to what the price ceiling would be. There was an industry-wide realisation that a significant shift was necessary to avoid losing out on investments to alternati...
Eğirdir Lake basin was selected as the study area because the lake is the second largest freshwater lake in Turkey and groundwater in the basin is used as drinking water. In the present study, 29 groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for physico-chemical parameters to determine the hydrochemical characteristics, groundwater quality, and human health risk in the study area. The dominant ions are Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO32−, and SO42. According to Gibbs plot, the predominant samples fall in the rock–water interactio...
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