Diamond Project

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• Multivariate Principal Component Analysis and Case-Based Reasoning for monitoring, fault detection ...

  Jan. 1, 2011

  The main idea of this paper is to develop a methodology for process monitoring, fault detection and predictive diagnosis of a WasteWater Treatment Plant (WWTP). To achieve this goal, a combination of Multiway Principal Component Analysis (MPCA) and Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) is proposed. First, MPCA is used to reduce the multi-dimensional nature of online process data, which summarises most of the variance of the process data in a few (new) variables. Next, the outputs of MPCA (t-scores, Q-statistic) are provided...

• Analysis of 65 pharmaceuticals and personal care products in 5 wastewater treatment plants in ...

  Dec. 1, 2010

  Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are becoming increasingly recognised as important micropollutants to be monitored in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), since WWTP effluents represent an important point source to natural aquatic systems. In this study, the abundance of 65 PPCPs was analysed in 5 Portuguese WWTPs during the spring and autumn. Due to the fact that analytical approaches normally used to quantify the abundance of these compounds are labour intensive and require various specific...

• Mathematical modelling of biofilms and biofilm reactors for engineering design

  Oct. 1, 2010

  Mathematical models are critical to modern environmental biotechnology—both in research and in the engineering practice. Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) simulators are used by consulting engineers and WWTP operators when planning, designing, optimizing, and evaluating the unit processes that comprise municipal and industrial WWTPs. Many WWTP simulators have been expanded to include a submerged completely-mixed biofilm reactor module that is based on the mathematical description of a one-dimensional biofilm....

• Residence time distribution in large industrial flotation cells

  Jan. 19, 2010

  The radioactive tracer technique was used to measure the Residence Time Distribution (RTD) of the liquid and solid in a rougher flotation bank consisting of seven cells of a volume of 130 m³. Thus, a pneumatic system of high reliability was used in order to introduce a small amount of radioactive tracer (around 100 mL of liquid or pulp) at the feed pulp entrance. Then, the time response of the radioactive tracer was measured online along the flotation bank using noninvasive sensors located in the discharge pipe...

• WATER: Listening closely

  Nov. 1, 2008

  Birmingham Water Works (BWW) is a big water system in a drought-stricken region. Leaks are an obvious concern, and in 1999 the nonrevenue water percentage had crept up to an expensive and unacceptable 25 percent. With 600,000 customers and more than 4,000 miles of mostly ductile iron line to maintain, and with limited manpower, the utility had limited options. “A manual leak survey of the entire system takes 30 months,” says Revenue Water Depart-ment manager Geoff Goodwin. “Since our main service area is also...

• The IMPROVE_A Temperature Protocol for Thermal/Optical Carbon Analysis: Maintaining Consistency ...

  Sep. 1, 2007

  Thermally derived carbon fractions including organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) have been reported for the U.S. Interagency Monitoring of PROtected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) network since 1987 and have been found useful in source apportionment studies and to evaluate quartz-fiber filter adsorption of organic vapors. The IMPROVE_A temperature protocol defines temperature plateaus for thermally derived carbon fractions of 140 °C for OC1, 280 °C for OC2, 480 °C for OC3, and 580 °C for OC4 in a helium...

• Waste Water -Yangsan City, South Korea

  Oct. 25, 2006

  Hanovia Photon Systems Installation Date – 2004. System Configuration – Four Hanovia Photon PMD500T12 Systems, complete with UV Monitors, Lamp Power Switching / Dose Control, Programmable Automatic Quartz Sleeve Wiper System. Variable flow: Up to 1,625m3/hr per stream Total Plant Capacity: 6,500 m3/hr Secondary treated filtered: UV Transmittance 60 % in 10 mm cell at 254 nm Effluent Quality Background Increasing water demand, industrialisation and waste water produced in South Korea has created...

• Side-by-Side Pilot Testing of Two Disk Filter Manufacturers at the City of Merced Wastewater ...

  Oct. 22, 2006

  ABSTRACTAs more wastewater treatment facilities upgrade to tertiary treatment for pathogen removal and trace pollutant reduction, the options for tertiary filtration expand. The use of cloth-disk media filtration (disk filters) for tertiary filtration is becoming more common because of the effluent quality, lower backwash rates, small footprint, and ability to meet California Department of Health Services Title 22 criteria for the unrestricted reuse of treated effluent. Two manufacturers currently have Title 22...

• THyPAD – From Pilot to Full Scale Application at Hamar WWTP

  Oct. 21, 2006

  During 2001-2003 the city and county of San Francisco completed a two-year pilot study of pretreatment processes to mesophilic anaerobic digestion for improved biosolids stabilization and production of biosolids suitable for unrestricted reuse (class A biosolids). The pre-treatment options investigated included:   1. A thermophilic (55 °C; TP) process with 5 days hydraulic retention time (HRT).   2. A thermal hydrolysis (170°C; TH) process with 25 minutes contact time.   3. A combination of options 1 and 2   4....

• Choosing Right Methods for the Chlorine Disinfections to Meet Daily E. coli Limit in a Large ...

  Oct. 21, 2006

  Indiana is one of a few states that has replaced a weekly Fecal limit with a daily E. coli limit as an indicator organism for wastewater disinfection. It has been accepted that E. coli is a better organism indicator. However, there is still not an EPA approved method for enumerating E. coli in wastewater. Indiana has adopted several different methods for use by wastewater treatment plants for effluent monitoring. These different E. coli methods might have an impact on the disinfection process performance and...

• Successful Evaluation of Ten IFAS and MMBR Facilities by Applying the Unified Model to Quantify ...

  Oct. 21, 2006

  The performance of ten full scale wastewater treatment facilities applying IFAS and MBBR systems was evaluated using the Unified Model for Activated Sludge, IFAS and MBBR systems. At each facility, the model was applied to compute the biofilm surface area required to achieve nitrification based on the plant loading, mixed liquor temperature and aerobic mixed liquor MCRT. The effluent ammonium-N was then computed for the amount of biofilm surface areainstalled and compared to the plant effluent. The analysis...

• HD Q-PAC® Bio-media Eliminates Odors at Mt. Dora, Florida Water Reclamation Plant. System Very ...

  Sep. 8, 2006

  The water reclamation plant at Mt. Dora, Florida had an odor problem at the headworks collection well. Several pump stations in the community send their water to this location. The discharge of the various lines is random. At times one line may be discharging water while other lines are idle. At other times multiple lines are discharging. There are periods of no water discharge at various times during the day. As a consequence, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) levels vary greatly from hour to hour and even from...

• Waste Water Treatment Plants

  Jul. 31, 2006

  In 1980, Los Angeles began exploring alternatives to control the H2S concentration in the digester gas produced at the Hyperion Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP), which treats nearly 420 MGD, wastewater generating over 475 tons of raw sludge per day. The digester gas H2S concentration had to be controlled so that the SOx emissions from the on-site combustion of the gas could be kept within acceptable regulatory limits, allowing the gas to be burned on-site to generate steam for heat or electricity or...

• Case Study: Glastonbury Festival - Noise Monitoring At Glastonbury Festival

  Feb. 13, 2006

  In 1970, an entrance fee of just 1.00 would have permitted you, and about another 1500 `free spirits` to enjoy a weekend of listening to the likes of Quintessence, Marc Bolan and T-Rex, while at the same time savouring the undoubted `delights` of free raw milk!! Almost three decades later, and at slightly greater expense, you and over 100,000 other people can now enjoy the delights and unique atmosphere of Europe`s premier outdoor music event with over 250 acts performing on ten stages, as well as many other...

• Imran Khan of Black and Veatch talks about modeling collection systems and InfoWorks

  Nov. 10, 2005

  Untitled Document Imran, where do you fit into the Black and Veatch organization? Black & Veatch is a leading global engineering, consulting and construction company, and has around 3,500 staff working in the area of water and wastewater around the world. I'm a consultant in the Infrastructure Planning Department with special responsibility for collection systems modeling. My role is to provide specialist advice to all our offices in North America on the best approach to proposing...

• Evaluating Denitrification Filters

  May 1, 2005

  Untitled Document Before selecting a denitrification filter, designers should compare all available systems and assess their performance to date With the development of total maximum daily loads for nutrient discharges, many wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) face stringent nutrient limits. Deep-bed denitrification filters that remove nitrogen and solids are a proven technology for treating wastewater to meet low total nitrogen (TN) limits. A variety...

• Real Time Control of the Sewage System in St Malo

  Jan. 1, 2003

  Saint-Malo is an extremely attractive and popular seaside resort on the north coast of Brittany in France. Covering 1,400 hectares, the local population of 50,000 increases to 120,000 in the tourist season. One of the distinguishing features of this part of the Channel coast is a very high tidal range – 14 meters from low to high, with a potential impact back through the sewer network. Combined together, these factors make the effective operation of the sewer system and effluent quality particularly important....

• The Detection of Nonconformances in Real Time

  Jan. 1, 2003

  Introduction Many businesses now use systems that work in real time for acquiring, storing, analyzing and issuing data in all their plants in an efficient manner. These real time archiving systems enable you to obtain data with the aid of sensors and electronic control panels directly and quickly. These real-time acquisition systems store crucial data on operations carried out within the company as well as the state of its manufacturing processes. The aggregation of data thus enables you to carry out an analysis...

• Planning for Compliance Reporting

  Jan. 1, 2001

  Companies are already responding to challenging demands for environment, health & safety (EHS) data. These challenges continue to grow both in respect of the amount of data generated and reported and the requirements for data integrity. The growing demands arise both from new legislation and increased interest from a broad range of stakeholders. The need for better EHS information also applies within the organisation. As companies strive to improve performance EHS information needs to be made available beyond...

• Biocycle Nationwide Survey: The State of Biosolids in America

  Dec. 1, 2000

  The State of Biosolids in America TAKING the pulse of biosolids management practices in the United States yields a combination of hard data and valuable insights. Between survey responses and telephone conversations, state biosolids coordinators around the country paint an overall picture of progress with the beneficial use of biosolids, along with a dose of reality about political, economic and regulatory pressures that may hamper future advances. The year 2000 was certainly an interesting one in the annals of...

• Biological Monitoring Tools for Recycling Hazardous Effluents

  Jun. 1, 2000

  Abstract Increasing dependence on chemicals and rapid developments in chemical technology have practically triggered the growth of chemical industries in India. Globally, Basel convention guidelines are available for transboundary movement of hazardous wastes. However, at the national levels, health damage, resources losses and ecological impairment due to hazardous wastes indiscriminate discharges are a reality. In India, there are over 16,000 units of big and small Pharmaceutical industries alone. Quantities...

• Managing Environmental Information in the 21st Century: the Environmental Knowledge Management ...

  Feb. 1, 2000

  Introduction In this knowledge-driven world of the 21st century, companies are seeking to implement technology solutions for environmental information needs that seem to be continually changing and expanding. This article will identify key needs and outline possible technology solutions, focusing on the information and tools needed by the environmental professional, an important knowledge worker in this new business environment. Consider the example of a U.S.-based manufacturer that has a number of operations...

• Fires at Composting Facilities: Causes and Conditions

  Jan. 1, 2000

  The subject of fires at composting facilities is a bad news/good news situation. The bad news is that fires are more common than we realize. Ask a group of facility operators if they have had to deal with a fire, and the majority will quietly admit they have. The good news is that we don’t realize that fires are fairly common at composting facilities. Most are neither frequent nor destructive enough to attract attention beyond the facility gates, with notable exceptions. Generally, operators are recognizing and...

• Impact of the volume of rain water on the operating constraints for a treatment plant

  Feb. 1, 1999

  ABSTRACTThe new regulations require an increased amount of treatment of stormwater and a reduction of pollution loads discharged into the natural surroundings to be considered. Drainage systems therefore and particularly wastewater treatment plants should be sized correctly to cope with these peaks. Using a simulation software of wastewater treatment plant with activated sludge, such as SIMBAD, enables us to check that planned structures are appropriate in relation to the effluent quality requirements laid down,...

• Effects of integrated stormwater management strategies on the combined sewer system and the ...

  Feb. 1, 1999

  ABSTRACTThis is an investigation into possible changes to quantity and composition of sewage in the combined sewer system and the waste water treatment plant (WWTP) caused by new stormwater management strategies (mainly by disconnecting areas from the sewer system). Various scenarios were developed and the consequences on the water systems were calculated by using the simulation model KOSMO, in a fictional catchment. The results of the combined sewer overflow-calculation show an enormous decrease of the...

• Bioremediation of an Oil Spill

  Jan. 1, 1999

  Bioremediation is the method of choice to effectively clean up a small spill of hydrocarbons. In this case, five-hundred liters of BTEX has spilled from an above ground storage tank into a pasture that is located at the west edge of the Royal Roads University (RRU) grounds. The soil is classified as a Gleyed Eutric Brunisol based on recent laboratory analysis; it contains clay, but is fairly loose and porous for the upper meter, and then reaches an impermeable clay boundary (Burke, 1998). The dominant vegetation...

• Environmental Situation in Africa

  Jan. 1, 1999

  Abstract Africa The economic and social needs of Africa depends more on its environmental resources but these natural resources are seriously declining and that is really effecting the entire region. Sustainable development in this rapidly changing region has become an imperative, and must take place in the complex context of a diverse and changing ecosystem, political transition and evolution toward market economies. The region is heading towards integrating environmental components into sectors like...

• MSW Composting in the United States

  Jan. 1, 1999

  Massachusetts became home to two new composting facilities that process MSW and biosolids. Nationally, the total number of operating plants is 19. Since the mid-1980s, BioCycle has been conducting an annual, nationwide survey of municipal solid waste (MSW) composting facilities. From the late 1980s into the early 1990s, when it was projected that landfill capacity would drop and tipping fees would skyrocket, interest in MSW composting was high. About two dozen companies were marketing systems and equipment, and...

• Efficiency Improvements in Water Treatment Process: Aqwest-Bunbury Water Board

  Apr. 1, 1998

  Aqwest-Bunbury Water Board has introduced a range of cleaner production measures designed to improve the overall efficiency of its water treatment plants. Background Aqwest, the operating arm of the Bunbury Water Board, supplies water to approximately 12,000 service connections for the 30,000 residents of the town of Bunbury, Western Australia, 180km south of Perth. Aqwest operates seven water treatment plants, associated bores and high level booster pumps. Its main activities are water treatment and water...

• Containment for Soil, Sediment, and Sludge

  Jan. 1, 1997

  Containment treatments are often performed to prevent, or significantly reduce, the migration of contaminants in soils or ground water. Containment is necessary whenever contaminated materials are to be buried or left in place at a site. In general, containment is performed when extensive subsurface contamination at a site precludes excavation and removal of wastes because of potential hazards, unrealistic cost, or lack of adequate treatment technologies. Containment treatments offer quick installation times and...

• Integrated Wastewater Management

  Jan. 1, 1997

  ` Appropriate wastewater management, within an overall water resources management program, is essential to responsible use of the environment and to affordable provision of services. Such management programs are best developed at a river basin or sub-catchment level. An approach is outlined for developing a wastewater strategy and an implementation plan for a river basin.` Integrated Management The Bank promotes a systematic approach to water resources management, incorporating water resources planning and...

• Common Treatment Technologies for Explosives in Ground Water, Surface Water, and Leachate

  Jan. 1, 1997

  Explosives-contaminated process waste waters can be subdivided into two categories: red water, which comes strictly from the manufacture of TNT, and pink water, which includes any washwater associated with load, assemble, and pack (LAP) operations or with the demilitarization of munitions involving contact with finished explosive. Despite their names, red and pink water cannot be identified by color. Both are clear when they emerge from their respective processes and subsequently turn pink, light red, dark red,...

• Environmental Noise

  Jan. 1, 1996

  Introduction The ability to hear sounds is a sensory function vital for human survival and communication. However, not all sounds are wanted. `Unwanted sounds`, for which the term `noise` is normally used, often have their origin in human activities (mainly transport, industry and households). This article addresses environmental noise ­ also referred to in the scientific literature as community, or residential, noise. Environmental noise is the noise experienced by people generated outside households. Noise...

• Two Case Histories of Industrial Water Reuse Via Membrane Technology

  Jan. 1, 1995

  Abstract This paper describes two successful applications of ultrafiltration (UF) and reverse osmosis (RO) membrane technology used to reclaim water, reduce waste water discharge costs. The first case history covers oily waste water treatment at a major aluminum beverage can manufacturing plant. The second case describes treatment of waste water from a multi-plating bath section of a major wheelchair manufacturing facility. The mechanisms of separation effected by both UF and RO are described at the molecular...

• Membrane Selection and Optimal Ammonium Nitrate Chemistry for Reverse Osmosis Treatment of ...

  Jan. 1, 1990

  A process for manufacturing explosives produces an ammonium nitrate-laden wastewater, which can be successfully treated with reverse osmosis (RD). Key to RD use is balancing the competing waste solution chemistry requirements of the two target solutes, to enhance the performance of the particular RD membrane chosen. While the EPA requires only the reduction of the N03 and NH4+ discharge levels one manufacturer has chosen the approach of reusing both permeate and concentrate streams to `close the loop.` A lab-scale...