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Courtesy of IWA Publishing
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Getting the lead out — at the faucet
You might be surprised at where you’ll find a customer’s lead. Lead is making headlines. First, we should note that the current attention is not due to water, air or soil contamination, but from lead contamination recently found in toys and children’s jewelry made in China. This is very frightening for any parent because of the harm lead can to cause in children. How could this happen? How concerned should you and your customers be about lead? In view of this heightened awareness, I recently tested the...
Evaluation and Testing of Technologies for Brine Minimization at Eastern Municipal Water District
ABSTRACT Eastern Municipal Water District (Eastern) in Southern California is facing increasing brine disposal challenges at its two inland desalter facilities. In most cases at inland sites, the disposal of brine involves either the dilution of the waste stream in another receiving body or the concentration of brine solutions (Truesdall et al., 1995). In the case of Eastern, brine streams from these facilities is discharged to the Santa Ana Regional Interceptor (SARI) line, which carries brine flow to coastal...
The Bioremediation Process
Bioremediation allows natural processes to clean up harmful chemicals in the environment. Microscopic `bugs` or microbes that live in soil and groundwater like to eat certain harmful chemicals, such as those found in gasoline and oil spills. When microbes completely digest these chemicals, they change them into water and harmless gases such as carbon dioxide. In order for microbes to clean up harmful chemicals, the right temperature, nutrients (fertilizers), and amount of oxygen must be present in the soil and...
Evaluation of Performance of Permeable Interlocking Block Pavements
Drainable or permeable pavement systems are rapidly gaining popularity in Japan because of the high level of precipitation and the growing need for measures against the deteriorating road environment. In the field of interlocking block pavements, highly-porous permeable systems are expected to be increasingly used for constructing walkways and other facilities. However, various issues remain to be solved, including the establishment of criteria for evaluating the functions of the pavement system. This paper...
Water Industry on the Eco Wave?
A wave of privatization is rolling through the water industry – at the environment‘s expense? In order to provide an answer to this question, the Environmental-Rating agency oekom research AG, Munich, put a number of water supply companies and manufacturers of water appliances to the environmental test. In results published today, oekom identifies the British water supplier Severn Trent as the environmental leader of the water supply group with a B grade in the overall Environmental-Rating. The Austrian water...
Evaluation of Ecological Risks Associated with the use of Chlorine Dioxide for the Bleaching of ...
1.1 Scope and Objectives A small number of viable options are presently available for the bleaching of wood pulp (delignification and brightening) during the manufacture of pulp and paper. The use of chlorine dioxide (ClO2) in the bleaching process has largely superceded the earlier use of Cl2, or elemental chlorine, in the majority of North American pulp mills: It was discovered over a decade ago that the previous widespread use of Cl2 contributed to the production and subsequent release to the environment of...
Solar Detoxification
Introduction: In this process, vacuum extraction is used to remove contaminants from soils. After condensation, contaminants are mixed with a semiconductor catalyst such (e.g., titanium dioxide), and fed through a reactor which is illuminated by sunlight. Ultraviolet light activates the catalyst, which results in the formation of reactive chemicals known as `radicals`. These radicals are powerful oxidizers that break down the contaminants into non-toxic by-products such as carbon dioxide and water. A big...
Performance of Some New Materials Based on Wood and Plant Biomass
The activities of the Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry (IWC) embrace: the creation of a scientific background and the development of process for obtaining, production, utilization and recycling of plant biomass derived materials with controlled biodegradability by studying the materials structure and properties; the assesment of quality and other criteria, that characterize the attraction of some newly designed materials. The report reviews the results of programme `New Materials of Wood and Plant...
Testing the Performance and the Disintegration of Biodegradable Bags for the Collection of Organic ...
Abstract The biodegradability and mineralization of five different types of biodegradable bags made of biodegradable polymers were examined. The starch based products disintegrated within two weeks of the rotting process. The polycaprolactone-based products started to disintegrate after a short lag time and the paper bag needed about twelve weeks to disintegrate. The study of the mineralization process has lead to similar results as the disintegration of the polymers in the compost reactors. The analysis of the...
Environmental-Rating: Deutsche Telekom and Nippon Tel. & Tel. Lead the Way
Deutsche Telekom and NTT Stand Out in the First Environmental Check of the Telecommunications Industry Deutsche Telekom AG and Nippon Telegraph & Telephone (NTT) are both first in an independent Environmental-Rating of 16 telecommunication companies from eleven countries carried out by the Munich-based rating agency ökom. Both companies received the grade C+ and therefore stood out against the industry average of D+. Telekom Italia Mobile and the Dutch Royal KPN were the tail-lights, both receiving a D-. The...
In Situ Remediation Technology Status Report: Research and Application of Permeable Barriers
This document is an attempt to compile worldwide research efforts and applications in the field of permeable reactive barriers (PRB). The listing will evolve as input is received. Apologies are made for any inadvertent omissions or errors. Typically, many people are responsible for a project; however, for simplicity, a single contact is provided for each project. Research projects are organized by the type of contamination treated (organics or inorganics) and by the type of reaction process (sorption, precipitation...
Understanding Pump Cavitation
Cavitation is a major problem in the chemical industry because it affects a basic tool, the centrifugal pump. A sudden increase in the velocity of the pumped liquid reduces the inlet pressure, sometimes below the vapor pressure.The result is formation of gas and bubbles. Detecting the signs of cavitation, and correctly identifying and understanding the type of cavitation present, can help an operator prevent serious damage. HOW CAVITATION OCCURS The pressure of the liquid in a centrifugal pump drops as it...
Water Based Damp Course Protection Chemicals: Tech-Dry Building Protection Systems
Tech-Dry Building Protection Systems Pty Ltd has developed a range of water-based damp course chemicals for the building industry. These water-based formulations have replaced the solvent-based formulations previously used by Tech-Dry. Background Tech-Dry Building Protection Systems Pty Ltd was formed in 1982, and specialises in the development and supply of materials for the prevention of rising damp to the building industry. In common with other companies in the building protection industry, Tech-Dry initially...
Removal of Lead from Gasoline
On 12th March 1997, the European Commission adopted a proposal from the Environment Commissioner Ritt Bjerregaard on a European Union strategy to combat acidification. The strategy will, by 2010, reduce significantly the extent of the areas in the European Union where the tolerance of sensitive ecosystems to acidity is exceeded. Main elements of the strategy include establishment of national emission ceilings for each acid rain pollutant; ratification of the UN protocol on further reductions of sulphur emissions;...
Temperature Correction Study for HR(PA) Membrane
Introduction Flow rate testing was performed on MS19 and MS12 elements (217 and 219 elements, 26 mil-spacer) to establish a temperature correction curve for current HR(PA) membranes. The results obtained were evaluated against the existing Osmonics® correction curve and other manufacturers’ information. Salt passage characteristics and the effect of elevated temperature on membrane performance were also noted during the study. Conclusions 1.- Good correlation with the theoretical temperature correction curve...
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