When the capacity of the spillway of a dam is exceeded for a given flood, overtopping occurs; in such cases potentially dangerous hydrodynamic actions and scour downstream of the dam need to be foreseen. Detailed studies of jets impinging in plunge pools from overflow nappe flows are scarce. This work addresses plunge pool flows, and compares numerical results against our own experiments. The energy dissipation is larger than 75% of the impingement jet energy. Instantaneous velocities and air entrainment were obtained with the use of an Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter and optical fibre probe, respectively. Mean velocity field and turbulence kinetic energy profiles were determined. To identify the level of reliability of models, numerical simulations were carried out by using the ‘homogeneous’ model of ANSYS CFX, together with different turbulence closures. The numerical results fall fairly close to the values measured in the laboratory, and with expressions for submerged hydraulic jumps and horizontal wall jets. The observations can be well predicted for characterized profiles at a minimum distance of 0.40 m downstream from the stagnation point, horizontal velocities greater than 40% of the maximum velocity in each profile, and when the ratio of the water cushion depth to the jet thickness is lower than 20.
For measuring suspended sediments, the use of optical backscatter sensors or other turdibity sensors is widespread. At the same time, it is understood that these sensors respond to total particle area, not volume or mass. In other words, optical turbidity sensors have this property: their sensitivity decreases with increasing grain size. The decrease follows 1/diameter. This has been published many times, most notably in an article co-authored by J. Downing, the inventor of OBS. The reason: particles beyond about...
Client: City of Lake Fort Smith, Ark. Completion Date: 2006 Services Provided
Intake tower with microtunnels
Road relocation
Raw water lines
Outlet works
Pressure reducing station
Dam embankment
Principal spillway
Auxiliary spillway
Project Summary
Burns & McDonnell, together with Shannon & Wilson as principal geotechnical consultant, completed the final design phases for the development of the enlarged Lake Fort Smith Water Supply Reservoir as part of continuing services to the City of Fort...
Client: North Central Missouri Regional Water Commission Completion Date: 2003
Project Summary
Burns & McDonnell completed the feasibility study and master plan for a new water supply reservoir in Sullivan County, Mo. Sullivan County and other surrounding counties experienced severe drought conditions for several years and existing water supplies were deemed insufficient to meet current and future water supply needs.
For the feasibility study, Burns & McDonnell performed an evaluation of the current and...
Using cutting-edge technologies to significantly upgrade wastewater treatment in coastal areas, B&V Water helped Southern Water keep pace with the requirements of new UK and EU legislation.B&V Water took an innovative approach to turn stormwater management into a recreational park in Lenexa, Kansas, and offer communities globally a successful integrated stormwater strategy.As communities across the United States begin to view stormwater as a water resource asset instead of a liability, Black & Veatch...
Abstract. Tonle Sap Great Lake in Cambodia, the largest natural freshwater lake in southeast Asia, is situated within the floodplain of the Mekong River. Water levels in the lake vary by about 8 m between the dry season minimum and the wet season maximum when waters from the Mekong River back up the Tonle Sap River. The lake is highly productive – the annual fish catch from the Lake is estimated at between about 180,00–250,000 tonnes while the dai fishery on Tonle Sap River annually harvests about 12,000 tonnes...
Ever since my first estimate indicating high emissions of greenhouse gases from Amazonian dams (Fearnside, 1995), Luis Pinguelli Rosa and coworkers have effectively made a career of trying to prove me wrong. However, the longer this debate goes on and the more information that becomes available, the greater the impacts
are found to be. The latest attack (Rosa et al., 2005) serves to illustrate a series of misconceptions regarding the science and brings out some of the political context that surrounds the subject...
Abstract The joint application of electromagnetic techniques for near-surface exploration is a useful tool for soil pollution monitoring and can also contribute towards describing the spatial distribution of pollutants. The results of a geophysical field survey that was carried out for characterizing the heavy metal and waste disposal soil pollution phenomena in the industrial area of Val Basento (Basilicata region, Southern Italy) are presented here. First, topsoil magnetic susceptibility measurements have been...
Polymeric Cellular Confinement Systems, (CCS), are a class of composite material, developed during the past fifteen years, for use in areas of slope and channel protection, load support and gravity retaining structures. The key component of these systems is a type of geosynthetic known generically as a Geocell. These flexible, three-dimensional, open cell assemblies are expanded into position and infilled with selected materials such as aggregate, topsoil or concrete. They can provide effective and economical...
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Melbourne Water has been successfully using InfoWorks CS from software solutions provider Wallingford Software to create a macro model of its sewerage network that will enable it to ensure it meets all its environmental targets.
Melbourne Water is owned by the government of the state of Victoria, in the south east of Australia. It manages Melbourne’s water supply catchments, removes and treats most of Melbourne’s sewage, and manages rivers and creeks and major...
A method is developed to estimate the stress at the surface in a portable wind tunnel for wind erosion studies. The boundary layer height and the pressure gradient are used in a simple expression from the Kármán Integral Momentum Equation. Values of friction velocity u * are within 10% of experimental values obtained through correlation techniques, including measurements of differential pressures with the Murdoch Turbulence Probe MTP and the X-wire, hot-wire anemometer XWA. Wind velocity and stress profiles...
Abstract
The development of numerical codes, as well as pre- and post-processors to support these codes, has made the discipline of groundwater modelling increasingly more automated and efficient. The value of such modelling is reliant on the site-specific data used to build and calibrate the models. The integration of EarthSoft`s EQuISÒ Geology and any of several popular modelling environments results in a data management and analysis system that is more complete than the modelling system alone. Water level...
Introduction
The EPA`s Office of Compliance has developed a series of profiles or notebooks containing information on selected major industries. These notebooks, which focus on key indicators that holistically present air, water, and land pollutant release data, have been thoroughly reviewed by experts from both inside and outside the EPA.
What will you find in this Notebook?
The Notebook brings you comprehensive, well-researched details gathered for the first time in a single source and includes:
a...
Ford Australia Ltd replaced an existing hot caustic paint stripping process, used for cleaning car skids, with a high pressure water jet system. This project has resulted in annual savings in the order of $300,000 from reduced chemical, energy and waste disposal costs. Significant improvements in paint quality were also achieved through the ability to clean the skids on a more regular basis than had been possible previously. This cleaner production success has given Ford the incentive to look for other opportunitie...
Introduction
Land Treatment is a full-scale bioremediation technology in which contaminated soils, sediments, or sludges are turned over (i.e., tilled) and allowed to interact with the soil and climate at the site. The waste, soil, climate, and biological activity interact dynamically as a system to degrade, transform, and immobilize waste constitutes. Wastes are periodically tilled to aerate the waste.
Soil conditions are often controlled to optimize the rate of contaminant degradation. Conditions normally...
Horizontal well technology has been incorporated into many current environmental remediation applications (and associated contaminants), such as in situ bioremediation, air sparging, vacuum extraction, soil flushing, free product recovery, etc. Ac cording to information reviewed, this technology is most applicable to sites with relatively shallow soil and/or groundwater contamination, and can potentially enhance remediation efforts at sites low hydraulic conductivities.
Types of horizontal wells include both...
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