Water distribution systems in hilly areas are always divided into several zones due to the undulating terrain. The present approach of dividing water distribution systems lacks an assessment index and is characterized by a low degree of automation. With the building of a mathematical model, this paper introduces two indicators – pressure limitation and pressure variation – to enable the automatic division of the water supply pipe network. It prioritizes economic index as the objective function in the evaluation of the division of water distribution systems in hilly areas, and then selects the optimal division scheme by generic algorithm in a large number of candidates. The SY terrain in YW City China is used for verification. Compared to traditional water supply partition methods, this procedure is easier to operate time-savingly by staff and is more automatic.
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Dividing a water distribution network (WDN) into district metered areas (DMAs) is the first vital step towards pressure management and real losses reduction. However, other factors of water quality such as the water age must be taken into account while forming DMAs. The current study uses genetic algorithm (GA) optimization methods to achieve the desired WDN segmentation conditions in terms of: (a) reducing the operating pressure, thus reducing the system's real losses; and (b) reducing the water age, thus...
The increasing use of plastic materials has modified several aspects of design and management of water distribution systems. With reference to the numerical modeling of transients, the definition of a correct rheological model of the pipe material is receiving an increasing interest. In this paper the behavior of the molecularly oriented polyvinyl chloride (PVC-O) pipes during transients is investigated, by means of tests on a PN16 DN110 pipe installed at the Water Engineering Laboratory of the University of...
According to the US Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA) estimation, asbestos cement (AC) pipe accounts for approximately 15% of the total length of pipe networks for water distribution systems in North America; and just as other pipe materials, the AC mains are deteriorating and are in need of attention/renewal. However, there are concerns surrounding the environmental impact of AC pipe renewal that are leading to confusion among the utility managers. The prevailing apprehensions led to the commission of a...
Much progress has been made over the last decade in understanding the behaviour of flow through leak openings with changes in water mains pressure. In particular it has been established that variations in leak areas with pressure is the main factor responsible for the range of leakage exponents observed in practice, and several numerical and experimental studies have investigated this behaviour. This paper provides an overview of the advances in leakage modelling over the last decade and then presents the results...
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