Reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) is a cool-season perennial with a circumglobal distribution in the northern hemisphere, native to Europe, Asia, and North America. Repeated introductions of European germplasm into North America have created confusion over the origins of reed canarygrass germplasm found in wetlands, pastures, and breeding programs. The objectives of this study were to identify sources of DNA marker variation among reed canarygrass cultivars from Europe and North America and between landraces and improved cultivars from North America. Analysis of 205 reed canarygrass plants from 15 cultivars based on 102 amplified fragment length polymorphic (AFLP) DNA markers revealed two groups of cultivars. One group consisted of three closely related but geographically diverse North American landraces that were completely separated from all other plants in only two dimensions of the AFLP incidence matrix. The complete discrimination of these plants from all European plants suggests their possible origin from native North American germplasm. These results were supported by chloroplast DNA sequence analysis, which additionally revealed separation of a potential Scandinavian cytoplasmic race from the continental European cytoplasmic race. This is the strongest evidence to date suggesting that native North American reed canarygrass germplasm has been preserved within cultivars of this species.
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Stormwater managers around the country are challenged by growing regulatory requirements in the face of increasingly urbanized land uses. As cities continue to grow, more and more areas are covered with roads, buildings, parking lots, and other impervious surfaces. Instead of storing and slowly releasing water, these impervious surfaces quickly shed rainfall. At the same time, contaminants on these impervious surfaces, such as salt, oils, and sediments, are picked up and carried away in...
In nutrient impoverished landscapes in southwest Australia, terrestrial litter appears to be important in phosphorus (P) turnover and in the gradual accumulation of P in wetland systems. Little is known about the fate of P leached from litter during the wet season and the associated effects of soil microclimate on microbial activity. The effects of temperature, moisture, and litter leaching on soil microbial activity were studied on a transect across a seasonal wetland in southwestern Australia, after the onset...
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In
the July issue of IE Connections, Tom Anderson of RestCon Environmental developed
an excellent overview of the current biological weapons and response mechanisms.
The next step is to present information about the future of biowarfare.
What
devious concoctions may be developed and used on future battlegrounds or terrorist
attacks? What is the future of detection systems? Some of the answers to these
questions are pure conjecture but are based on the current...
The biotechnology revolution is impacting all of the biological sciences, and toxicology is no exception. Perusal of the abstracts of the Society’s recent annual meetings confirms that our field is already actively using the powerful new tools of molecular biology to identify and understand the mechanisms of toxic responses. Thus, the Workshop on Toxicogenomics and Risk Assessment sponsored by the Society and discussed in this issue by Cunningham et al. was a timely undertaking.
This was not the first workshop...
Highly substituted ethenes such as PCE and TCE are susceptible to microbial reductive dehalogenation and halorespiration under anaerobic conditions. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether soil from a bulk aerobic aquifer, historically contaminated with chlorinated ethenes (CEs), could be made anaerobic by carbon source addition to enhance haloreduction, and to evaluate how the addition of these different carbon sources affects microbial community structure.
We hypothesized that sulfate-reducing...
The maps in this atlas depict the waters within each state that do not meet state water quality standards. States listed these waters in their most recent submission to EPA, generally in 1998, as required by section 303(d) of the Clean Water Act. This provision of the Clean Water Act requires a “Total Maximum Daily Load” or TMDL for each listed water. There are more than 20,000 such waters identified nationally, comprising more than 300,000 miles of rivers and streams and more than 5 million acres of lakes. The...
Environmental Signals 2000 is the first of a series of regular indicator reports on the European environment to come from the Agency. Published annually, these reports will provide policy makers, experts and the general public with the very latest assessments of the EU’s environment. The reports will fill the five-year gaps between the EEA’s main state of the environment reports such as Environment in the European Union at the turn of the century published last year (the next is due in 2003/2004).
Environmental...
Abstract
The paper presents a joint research made by the Siberian State Academy for Mining and Metallurgy and the Institute of Metallurgy and Concentration of the National Academy of Sciences, Kazakhstan, on separation of aluminum oxide from ash and slag of Kuzbass thermal power plants. This work is an integral part of `The Development of a Technology for Deep Processing of Waste from Thermal Power Plants and Steel Plants` carried out in accordance with the program environment protection. A lime-free technology...
Introduction Sustainability or `sustainable development` has become a term which is frequently applied to land use and social planning and resource issues. Sustainability is a concept which draws attention to development practices which can degrade natural ecosystems and deplete natural resources. If development is defined broadly to include any cultural activity, then sustainable development may be defined as any practice that meets the needs of the present population without compromising the ability of future...
The main advantage of ex situ treatment is that it generally requires shorter time periods, and there is more certainty about the uniformity of treatment because of the ability to monitor and continuously mix the groundwater. However, ex situ treatment requires pumping of groundwater, leading to increased costs and engineering for equipment, possible permitting, and material handling.
Bioremediation techniques are destruction techniques directed toward stimulating the microorganisms to grow and use the contaminant...
ABSTRACT
Phytoremediation uses plants to cleanup contaminated soil and groundwater, taking advantage of plants` natural abilities to take up, accumulate, and/or degrade constituents of their soil and water environments. Results of research and development into ph ytoremediation processes and techniques report it to be applicable to a broad range of contaminants including numerous metals and radionuclides, various organic compounds (such as chlorinated solvents, BTEX, PCBs, PAHs, pesticides/insecticides, explosives...
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