Cultivation of microalgae for biomass production is a promising way to dispose of wastewater and recover nutrients simultaneously. The properties of nutrient removal and biomass production in domestic wastewater of a newly isolated microalga Scenedesmus sp. ZTY1 were investigated in this study. Scenedesmus sp. ZTY1, which was isolated from a wastewater treatment plant in Beijing, grew well in both the primary and secondary effluents of a wastewater treatment plant during the 21-day cultivation, with a maximal algal density of 3.6 × 106 and 1.9 × 106 cells · mL−1, respectively. The total phosphorus concentrations in both effluents could be efficiently removed by over 97% after the cultivation. A high removal rate (over 90%) of total nitrogen (TN) was also observed. After cultivation in primary effluent for 21 days, the lipid content of Scenedesmus sp. ZTY1 in dry weight had reached about 32.2%. The lipid and triacylglycerol (TAG) production of Scenedesmus sp. ZTY1 was increased significantly with the extension of cultivation time. The TAG production of Scenedesmus sp. ZTY1 increased from 32 mg L−1 at 21 d to 148 mg L−1 at 45 d in primary effluent. All the experiments were carried out in non-sterilized domestic wastewater and Scenedesmus sp. ZTY1 showed good adaptability to the domestic wastewater environment.
This project will demonstrate the technical and economic feasibility of an integrated process for the production of microalgal oils that are suitable as a feedstock for biodiesel production. A preliminary economic feasibility study and assessment of total greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) would be carried out based on the results of small-scale studies and, if successful, would be followed by a second large-scale phase designed to integrate all the steps at the pilot scale and optimize the process over a long-enough...
ALGAE PHOTO-BIOREACTORS (APB’s) Absorption of CO2 and NOx from industrial exhaust gases and conversion of algal feedstock, as a discipline of ecological engineering.
Algae, live in a wide range of aquatic environments and are a natural component of most aquatic ecosystems being found in both fresh, brackish and marine waters. They range in size from large macrophytic kelps to microscopic unicellular, colonial and filamentous algae, known as phytoplankton. They are also the fastest growing plants on earth – ten...
Examples of rarely reported dinoflagellates of the family Kofoidiniaceae F.J.R. Taylor (Noctilucales) from the northwest, equatorial and southeast Pacific Ocean are described and illustrated. Kofoidinium was the most ubiquitous genus with a maximum abundance of 10cellsL(-1). Specimens of this genus were identified to four species: Kofoidinium sp. that showed a pointed extension that emerges from the antero-ventral region and K. velelloides, both of which had diameters that ranged from 40 to 200mum; Kofoidinium...
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Could nonwoven filtration material be used as a viable, cheaper alternative to hollow fibre membranes in submerged membrane bioreactors, without a loss in performance? Filtration + Separation takes a look at one research report that thinks so.
Nonwoven for the MBR – why bother?
The Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) is an evolving process that combines membrane technology with biological technology and uses membrane separation to replace the conventional secondary sedimentation...
Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) are a group of about 20 structurally related water-soluble compounds, widely distributed among freshwater and marine organisms. To provide a better assessment of the diversity and concentration of MAAs in aquatic environments a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method of analysis based on reverse-phase C18 column and trifluoroacetic acid and an ammonium-containing mobile phase was developed. The improvements with respect to previous methods and the extraction and...
As part of a performance assessment of the Stormwater Management StormFilter® (StormFilter) in Clark County, WA, a StormFilter system using CSF® leaf media installed at Heritage Marketplace was evaluated between March and July of 2002. This StormFilter system treats stormwater runoff draining from the rooftops and parking lots of the Heritage Marketplace shopping center. This StormFilter system was evaluated to determine removal of various pollutants running off the site, including total suspended solids...
One of the largest capacity wastewater treatment plants in Europe is under construction on a small plot of land at Ringsend, on Dublin Bay in Ireland. Sequencing batch reactor (SBR) technology and 100,000 diffusers from ITT Industries` Sanitarie unit was selected to meet the challenging waste treatment needs for this site.
When Dublin`s wastewater treatment plant was built in the 1970s, it answered the Irish capital`s population and environmental needs. But as environmental awareness and Dublin`s population has...
The Kemwater Recycling Process – KREPRO for treatment of sewage sludge is based on a completely new separation technology, which uses existing knowledge in an innovative way. It reduces both the organic and inorganic content of the sludge. The organic content is re-duced by about 30% and the inorganic about 70% if digested sludge is treated. All metals and salts are dissolved; the remaining undissolved inorganics are mainly silicates like sand and grit.
In constast, most sludge treatment technologies used today...
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Executive Summary
Water policy in the European Union is aiming to promote sustainable water use and a major objective of the new Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC) is the long-term progressive reduction of contaminant discharges to the aquatic environment in urban wastewater (UWW). Sewage sludge is also a product of wastewater treatment and the Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive (91/271/EEC) aims to encourage the use of sludge whenever appropriate. Potentially toxic elements...
1.1 Scope and Objectives
A small number of viable options are presently available for the bleaching of wood pulp (delignification and brightening) during the manufacture of pulp and paper. The use of chlorine dioxide (ClO2) in the bleaching process has largely superceded the earlier use of Cl2, or elemental chlorine, in the majority of North American pulp mills: It was discovered over a decade ago that the previous widespread use of Cl2 contributed to the production and subsequent release to the environment of...
ABSTRACT
As water and sewer costs are expected to increase over the next decade, membrane technology will continue to be a viable and economical option in the recovery and reuse of water. This paper describes the mechanism of membrane effected separation (specifically reverse osmosis, ultrafiltration and microfiltration), membranes commercially available, membrane element configurations, and how complete membrane systems are designed. The paper also discusses case histories of a variety of proven applications,...
Available carbon source is essential to enhance the biological nutrient removal (BNR) in wastewater treatment. Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) accumulated in the thermophilic aerobic digestion (TAD) supernatant under the microaerated operation is the potential carbon source for denitrification and phosphorus removal. This study investigated the use of VFAs recovered from the TAD supernatant in the BNR processes. Batch tests (2.8 L/batch, simulating the anaerobic, anoxic and aerobic conditions in sequences) and...
STP ‘De Groote Lucht’ in the Netherlands had to be upgraded in order to meet the tightened criterion for total nitrogen (10 mg/l N as yearly average). ASTRASAND moving bed biofiltration, is introduced for post-denitrification. Pilot plant tests were executed in 1996 and it was found that in order to achieve good filter performance with the specific process conditions, an adequate process control system was required. This filter control ensured removal efficiencies of > 95% with influent concentrations up to 30...
Biofilters are the odor control system of choice at composting facilities. Despite similar capital costs, the biofilters are generally less costly to operate than chemical scrubbers. The key to keeping operating costs in check, however, is to get the maximum use out of the biofilter media, thus avoiding the time and money needed to do media replacements.
Allen Boyette, senior engineer and manager of the Cary, North Carolina office of E&A Environmental Consultants, Inc., tackled the topic, “Building Longevity...
Abstract
Africa
The economic and social needs of Africa depends more on its environmental resources but these natural resources are seriously declining and that is really effecting the entire region. Sustainable development in this rapidly changing region has become an imperative, and must take place in the complex context of a diverse and changing ecosystem, political transition and evolution toward market economies.
The region is heading towards integrating environmental components into sectors like...
Massachusetts became home to two new composting facilities that process MSW and biosolids. Nationally, the total number of operating plants is 19.
Since the mid-1980s, BioCycle has been conducting an annual, nationwide survey of municipal solid waste (MSW) composting facilities. From the late 1980s into the early 1990s, when it was projected that landfill capacity would drop and tipping fees would skyrocket, interest in MSW composting was high. About two dozen companies were marketing systems and equipment, and...
Abstract
Facility siting is an issue of ongoing concern in waste management. This issue is even more problematic when considering nonpoint disposal techniques such as land application of sewage sludge and municipal solid waste (MSW) compost. This paper presents three case studies which address: 1) local property value impacts of landfills; 2) community concerns regarding siting of a nearby MSW composting facility and issues surrounding the land application of the final product; and 3) community concerns regarding...
It is a common question asked every day by people in all fields of industry. Machine shops, steel mills, industrial manufacturers, and many others are faced with the problem of removing oils from coolants and wastewater on an everyday basis. They are faced with high disposal and maintenance costs. Some manufacturers are charged extreme amounts to have their contaminated water treated properly by their local water treatment facility.
Companies look for effective ways to remove the oil from their wastewater or...
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