Increasing salinity of freshwater from environmental and anthropogenic influences is threatening the health of 35 million inhabitants in coastal Bangladesh. Yet little is known about the characteristics of their exposure to salt (sodium), a major risk factor for hypertension and related chronic diseases. This research examined sodium consumption levels and associated factors in young adults. We assessed spot urine samples for 282 participants (19–25 years) during May–June 2014 in a rural sub-district in southwestern coastal Bangladesh and measured sodium levels of their potable water sources. The significant factors associated with high sodium consumption were determined from logistic regression analyses. Mean sodium content in tube-well water (885 mg/L) was significantly higher than pond water (738 mg/L) (P = 0.01). Fifty three percent of subjects were consuming sodium at levels above the WHO recommended level (≥2 g/day). The users of tube-well water were more likely to consume sodium above this recommended level than pond water users. Salinity problems are projected to increase with climate change, and with large populations potentially at risk, appropriate public health and behavior-change interventions are an urgent priority for this vulnerable coastal region along with targeted research to better understand sodium exposure pathways and health benefits of alternative water supplies.
ProblemAt an abandoned mine in the Yukon Territory, mining for both Gold and Zinc took place until the mid 1950`s, with the processing of the ore taking place on the banks of an adjacent lake. Processing methods resulted in the creation of a large mine tailings pond that had high concentrations of iron, arsenic, zinc and lead. Spring runoff and summer rainfall then infiltrated through the pond resulting in contamination of the lake with heavy metals. The lake is a primary source of drinking water and the prevention...
A priority for environmental managers is control of stormwater runoff pollution, especially fecal microbial pollution. This research was designed to determine if fecal bacterial grazing by micro-zooplankton is a significant control on fecal bacteria in aquatic best management practices (BMPs); if grazing differs between a wet detention pond and a constructed wetland; and if environmental factors enhance grazing. Both 3-day grazing tests and 24-h dilution assays were used to determine grazing differences between...
Due to population growth, accelerated urbanisation and economic development, the quantity of waste water generated is increasing globally. Mainly in low-income areas, a large proportion of the waste water is discharged directly in the environment. When the waste water is treated, the treatment plants may not remove certain pollutants that can have a negative impact on the people and ecosystem. Treated wastewater usually contains high levels of nutrients that can cause algae blooms on the water surface of storage...
In order to control the growth of Microcystis in aquaculture ponds and reduce its adverse effect on water quality and aquaculture, a production-scale experiment of deep well circulation treatment was carried out in an aquaculture pond with water surface area of 63,000 m2 and water depth of 1.6–2.0 m. Compared with the control pond, the experiment pond had better water quality as indicated by 64.2% reduction in chlorophyll a, and 81.1% reduction in algal cells. The chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen, and total...
Diatom algae are known to play an important role as primary producers in many diverse ecosystems, including artificial aquaculture ponds where they also aid in maintaining water quality by consuming excess nutrients. But factors influencing their growth are still poorly understood. In the present study the effect of micronutrients, N:P ratio and silica concentration on benthic diatom Synedra sp. grown in fish pond waste water was studied along with nutrient removal efficiency. We have studied nine different...
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