Increasing salinity of freshwater from environmental and anthropogenic influences is threatening the health of 35 million inhabitants in coastal Bangladesh. Yet little is known about the characteristics of their exposure to salt (sodium), a major risk factor for hypertension and related chronic diseases. This research examined sodium consumption levels and associated factors in young adults. We assessed spot urine samples for 282 participants (19–25 years) during May–June 2014 in a rural sub-district in southwestern coastal Bangladesh and measured sodium levels of their potable water sources. The significant factors associated with high sodium consumption were determined from logistic regression analyses. Mean sodium content in tube-well water (885 mg/L) was significantly higher than pond water (738 mg/L) (P = 0.01). Fifty three percent of subjects were consuming sodium at levels above the WHO recommended level (≥2 g/day). The users of tube-well water were more likely to consume sodium above this recommended level than pond water users. Salinity problems are projected to increase with climate change, and with large populations potentially at risk, appropriate public health and behavior-change interventions are an urgent priority for this vulnerable coastal region along with targeted research to better understand sodium exposure pathways and health benefits of alternative water supplies.
SmartScan50 provides real time level measurement results of food additives during production for a major chemical supplier.
The customer is a prominent supplier of ingredients and fine chemicals for the food, cosmetic, detergent, and pharmaceutical industries, and also specializing in the manufacture and development of Citric Acid, Citrates and Phosphates. The company invests greatly in its production infrastructure to assure high quality products to its customers around the world.
The problems
The manufacturer...
Colorado Produced Water
Oily Wastewater Treatment Jar Test Colorado Oil Patch
This sample is representative of the produced water from the Colorado oil patch region. The sample contains free and emulsified oil, dirt, and water.
The water is very saline (high in dissolved solids especially chlorides and sodium) which is common in this industry. The sample pH was measured to be 6.8. Floccin™ 1105 was used at a dosage of 0.8 grams/1,000 ml which is a dosage of 6.7 lbs per 1,000 gallons. The jar testing...
Untitled Document
The coastal region off Macao is a known depositional zone for persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the Pearl River Delta and Estuary of southern China and an important gateway for the regional contributions of contamination to the globe. This paper presents a comprehensive assessment of the input sources and transport pathways of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) found in the coastal sediments of Macao, based on measurements of 48 2-7 ring PAHs and 7 sulfur/oxygenated...
A wave of privatization is rolling through the water industry – at the environment‘s expense? In order to provide an answer to this question, the Environmental-Rating agency oekom research AG, Munich, put a number of water supply companies and manufacturers of water appliances to the environmental test. In results published today, oekom identifies the British water supplier Severn Trent as the environmental leader of the water supply group with a B grade in the overall Environmental-Rating. The Austrian water...
Abstract
The development of numerical codes, as well as pre- and post-processors to support these codes, has made the discipline of groundwater modelling increasingly more automated and efficient. The value of such modelling is reliant on the site-specific data used to build and calibrate the models. The integration of EarthSoft`s EQuISÒ Geology and any of several popular modelling environments results in a data management and analysis system that is more complete than the modelling system alone. Water level...
Introduction:
In this process, vacuum extraction is used to remove contaminants from soils. After condensation, contaminants are mixed with a semiconductor catalyst such (e.g., titanium dioxide), and fed through a reactor which is illuminated by sunlight. Ultraviolet light activates the catalyst, which results in the formation of reactive chemicals known as `radicals`. These radicals are powerful oxidizers that break down the contaminants into non-toxic by-products such as carbon dioxide and water.
A big...
Issue: Renewable energy technologies are becoming more widespread in southern Mediterranean countries, thanks to developed countries’ cooperation programmes and international aid. However, it is still not clear what is the best way for programmes to meet real renewable energy needs. Relevance: The European Community Development Programme has begun to focus on the question of how it may develop after the year 2000. The outcome will depend particularly on two processes: the expiry of the Edinburgh principles on the...
Where I live, in eastern, northern, southeastern Pennsylvania (you figure it out), nights are beginning to chill. I`ve noticed this for two reasons. First, the temperature is dipping below 50. Second, insects have begun finding their way inside the house. We capture most of the little buggers and release them but sooner or later someone reaches for a pesticide. We`ve already dealt with fleas on my son`s cat who recently moved home with him.
Now, let`s understand something. Pesticide is a general term for more...
Many of the Environmental Protection Agency`s (EPA`s) methods used to monitor air, water and soil for environmental contaminants prescribe step-by-step details on how the chemical analysis must be conducted and prohibit any deviations or variations. The EPA has recognized that monitoring equipment and technology have improved tremendously over the last few years; that environmental media do not always act the same way for each analysis; and that the matrix may affect the analysis and results. The EPA has been...
Introduction
Increasing concerns about the potential risks of anthropogenic climate change over the past ten years have led to a series of international conferences intended to combat climate change and its adverse effects. However, the Kyoto Conference of the Parties to the Framework Convention on Climate Change (FCCC) and, more so, the conference in Buenos Aires revealed the tremendous complexity of the climate change issue, which makes consensus about necessary mitigation measures almost impossible. Not...
Background
Since 1988, CarLovers Carwash Limited has operated a network of automatic and self-serve carwash facilities throughout Australia. CarLovers currently has 87 carwash outlets operating in Australia.
Pre-existing Process
Previous car wash facilities discharged all their wash water to sewer and did not reuse the wash water.
Cleaner Production Initiative
CarLovers is totally committed to ëcleaner productioní practises and each new site employs the latest technology to save on light and heat and...
Introduction
The utilization of fungal biodegradation involves the controlled usage of these specially cultivated fungi to treat contaminants.
White Rot Fungus
White rot fungus has been reported to degrade a wide variety of organopollutants because of its lignin-degrading or wood-rotting enzymes. Two different treatment configurations have been tested for white rot fungus, in situ and bioreactor. An aerobic system using moisturized air on wood chips is used in a reactor for biodegradation. A reactor was used...
Case Study
Name of company: Neumarkter LammsbräuSector: BreweryNumber of employees: 80Country: Germany
AbstractNeumarkter Lammsbräu is an 80-employee brewery located in Bavaria, a German region which has a strong tradition for beer. At the beginning of the 1970s, agriculture in the region became increasingly intensive. The quality of beer was being sacrificed for quick and high returns on sales. Neumarkter Lammsbräu wanted to safeguard the quality of its products and develop a strategy for success. The company...
It may be necessary to know other subsurface information to remediate inorganics in ground water, surface water, and leachate. Treatability studies are usually necessary to ensure that the contaminated ground water can be treated effectively at the design flow. A subsurface geologic characterization would be particularly important to characterize the effects of adsorption and other processes of attenuation. Ground water models are also often needed to predict flow characteristics, changes in contaminant mixes and...
Introduction
This document is a guide for water treatment engineers to better understand crossflow membrane applications for glycol-based aqueous solutions. It includes glycol applications we have sold equipment for, applications we have successfully tested, and applications we have not tested but are expected to be technically feasible.
Glycol-based solutions are commonly used by a number of industries. Glycol-based solutions are inexpensive, relatively easy to manufacture and modify, and have a number of...
Pressures on the environment may occur through chemical, physical and biological agents. The subject of this study is physical agents, where physical fields are examined.
Physical fields are part of the natural environment. Depending upon their properties and the surrounding conditions, physical fields are transmitted through the spaces in which we live, potentially affecting human health and nature. Human activity can add to, modify, and enhance and reduce the intensity of these fields. Furthermore, changes in...
The U.S. Department of Energy`s (DOE`s) Environmental Restoration Program directs the assessment and cleanup of inactive sites and surplus facilities contaminated from previous defense and non-defense-related programs. All cleanup activities must comply with federal, state, Indian Nation, and local laws and regulations. In completing environmental restoration activities, DOE is committed to working with stakeholders to understand technical issues and evaluate alternatives. Two important program goals include...
SummaryWaste discharges from municipal sewage treatment plants are a significant source of water quality problems throughout the country. States report that municipal discharges are the main source of impairment to estuaries and coastal waters, the second leading source of impaired rivers and streams, and also are a major source of pollution in lakes. Pollutants associated with municipal discharges include nutrients (which can stimulate growth of algae that deplete dissolved oxygen in surface water), bacteria and...
The following article is based on a paper presented in August, 1990 at the 21st Annual Meeting of the Fine Particle Society in San Diego.
Soft drink manufacturers, not to mention manufacturers of other beverage products, have always had a keen interest in the water that goes into their products. After all, it is the water that typically makes up 80%-90% of the product.
In the past the water has been treated by a variety of methods, depending on the type of water supply and the type of drink being produced. Or,...
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