Drinking water treatment residuals (alum) are waste products of water purification that have potential for environmental remediation as a soil amendment and a potential plant growth medium. In this study, the influence of added Drinking water treatment residuals on the extractability and availability of phosphorus to plants; determination of the agronomic rate of alum to different agricultural soils and evaluation of the alum as ameliorating material for soil conditions and plant growth were investigated. In all studied soils, increasing drinking water treatment residuals rate up to 30 g/kg significantly increased dry matter yield. Application of 10, 20 and 30 g/kg alum significantly increased plant P concentrations in the plant materials (shoots and roots) taken from clay, sandy and calcareous soils. Further increase in alum application rate has resulted in negative significant impact on plants P concentration, especially in clay and calcareous soils, but in sandy soils the increase in phosphorusconcentration extended to 40 g/kg alum rate. Application of alum at rates up to 30 g/kg significantly increased available phosphorus concentrations of the three studied soils. However, application of alum at a rate of 40 g/kg to clay and calcareous soils significantly decreased available phosphorus concentrations. Combined analyses of all soils and alum rates studied clearly indicated significant relationship between available phosphorus concentration and phosphorus uptake (r = 0.87, P < 0.001). Based on our experiment results, the rate of 30 g/kg is considered the best application rate of alum because of its positive effects on plant dry matter. Our study clearly demonstrates that alum has potential as a soil amendment to increase plant growth; however, more research is needed to determine beneficial and / or detrimental aspects of this practice under field conditions.
The Las Flores basin is located in northwest San Diego County, California, on the Camp Pendleton Marine Corps base. The Las Flores basin is one of four groundwater basins that supply drinking water to Camp Pendleton. Groundwater in the Las Flores basin is extracted from the alluvial aquifer and the San Mateo aquifer located in the coastal basin. The San Mateo aquifer is overlain by unconsolidated alluvial deposits and underlain by the San Onofre Breccia. Groundwater in the basin is unconfined except for a locally...
This paper is a research brief highlighting the development of a novel alum-sludge based Constructed Wetland (CW) system aimed at reducing the pollution effects of agricultural run-offs. Alum sludge is a by-product of drinking water treatment plants where aluminium sulphate is used as coagulant. The alum sludge cakes were used as the main support matrix in the constructed wetland system, having been shown to have a greater capacity to retain contaminants, especially phosphorus, through sorption phenomena, ionic...
Abstract
We conducted a field experiment simulating the warming and drought in a Mediterranean shrubland dominated by Erica multiflora and Globularia alypum with the aim to simulate the next future climate conditions predicted by the IPCC and ecophysiological models. As P is frequently a limiting nutrient in Mediterranean ecosystems, we investigated the drought and warming effects on soil phosphatases activities, soil P contents and availability, litter and leaf P concentration, and the capacity of this...
The paper covers the early research that led to the development of the biological nutrient removal (BNR) technology that is widely practiced today then looks at the present and future of BNR. Presently only suspended and attached growth biological processes or a combination of the two are used to reduce nitrogen concentration to around 3 mg/L. New technologies such as the SHARON® and ANAMMOX® processes are being developed to utilize autotrophicdenitrification when treating high strength ammonia streams,...
Technologies for removal of hazardous pollutants from air have gained increased importance following the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA). Biofiltration is an emerging and attractive technology for the removal of volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) present at low concentrations in air. Traditional VOC removal technologies involve physical or chemical processes such as adsorption, condensation, thermal incineration or catalytic conversion, etc. Compared to these technologies, biofiltration is cheap and reliable....
Abstract
The costs and benefits of process measurement instruments in sewage treatment plants were the subject of intensive debate in the 1990s. Cost-benefit studies, comparing the potential savings in energy, consumables and personnel with the additional costs of using the instruments, resulted in recommendations specifying the minimum sewage treatment plant size at which the use of such process optimisation and monitoring instruments would be economically worthwhile. In view of the subsequent advances in...
Abstract
Investigation was conducted into the occurrence and extent of potentially toxic heavy metals and/or trace elements in soils from three study areas in the Eastern Region of Ghana namely Abonse, Pepease and Mamfe. A protocol for soil sampling, preparation and analysis was developed to yield sufficient information on elemental concentrations in the soils. The soil samples were analysed for As, Co, Cr, Cu, Sb, Th, U, V and Zn, using Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) coupled with conventional...
There is increasing evidence and scientific consensus that our world’s climate may be changing due to, among other things, fossil-fuel combustion, biomass burning, and forest and soil destruction. Scientific analyses suggest that, as a result of increasing greenhouse gas emissions, there could be substantial changes in seasonal temperature and precipitation patterns, which, in turn, could adversely affect air quality and human health.
To examine the effects of climate change and future emissions on air...
The fate of chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos and profenofos in sandy loam soil under tropical condition was studied in a vegetable plot in the Cameron Highlands, Malaysia. The plot was treated with chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos and profenofos according to normal agricultural practices of the Cameron Highlands. Water (runoff and lysimeter), soil and bedload sediment samples were taken according to a sampling schedule. Residues in water, soil and bedload sediment samples were laboratory analysed to determine amount....
The fate of chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos and profenofos in sandy loam soil under tropical condition was studied in a vegetable plot in the Cameron Highlands, Malaysia. The plot was treated with chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos and profenofos according to normal agricultural practices of the Cameron Highlands. Water (runoff and lysimeter), soil and bedload sediment samples were taken according to a sampling schedule. Residues in water, soil and bedload sediment samples were laboratory analysed to determine amount....
Untitled Document
As the annual onslaught
of blue-green algae (cyanobacteria) blooms continues to plague fresh water lakes
and reservoirs, the use of copper sulfate to control the problem has become dubious.
After 50 years of pouring innumerable tons of copper into lakes and reservoirs,
the use of this algaecide has increased resistance and resulted in consequential
problems that require more expensive treatment and threaten marine habitats throughout
the world.Although
naturally present in...
Purification of drinking water containing microbiological contamination requires some form of disinfection treatment to kill or render microbiological organisms harmless. Of the available disinfection treatment methos for private water systems, chlorination in the most commonly used.
Ultraviolet disinfection lights up municipal drinking water treatment systems
Ultraviolet radiation (UV), long a staple disinfectant in wastewater treatment, is gaining recognition as a beneficial technique in disinfection systems for municipal drinking water. Focusing on the North American market, this article reviews basics of this technology and provides up-to-date selection and application guidelines for its use in municipal drinking water treatment plants.
To view the full article click here (PDF -...
1.1 Scope and Objectives
A small number of viable options are presently available for the bleaching of wood pulp (delignification and brightening) during the manufacture of pulp and paper. The use of chlorine dioxide (ClO2) in the bleaching process has largely superceded the earlier use of Cl2, or elemental chlorine, in the majority of North American pulp mills: It was discovered over a decade ago that the previous widespread use of Cl2 contributed to the production and subsequent release to the environment of...
According to Environmental Business International Inc., the US environmental services industry is a $178.3 billion a year industry representing approximately 115,400 firms which employ 1.2 million individuals. While no industry can expect to totally avoid change, no other industry has seen as much change in such a short period of time.
Environmental consultants and contractors face numerous challenges in today’s competitive and volatile market. To perform and financially survive, one must constantly integrate...
Many of the Environmental Protection Agency`s (EPA`s) methods used to monitor air, water and soil for environmental contaminants prescribe step-by-step details on how the chemical analysis must be conducted and prohibit any deviations or variations. The EPA has recognized that monitoring equipment and technology have improved tremendously over the last few years; that environmental media do not always act the same way for each analysis; and that the matrix may affect the analysis and results. The EPA has been...
The Whole Earth Festival at the University of California-Davis is a student-organized event that takes place annually in early May. The weekend attendance is approximately 30,000 people, with 16 food vendors and 100-plus craft booths. One major emphasis of the festival is environmental sustainability.
To minimize waste generation, an integrated solid waste prevention strategy was conceptualized and implemented. The components were to: Exclude all materials from the system that were not easily biodegradable,...
Information presented for SVOCs may also be appropriate for many of the contaminants presented in this subsection.
The term `explosive waste` commonly is used to refer to propellants, explosives, and pyrotechnics (PEP), which technically fall into the more general category of energetic materials. These materials are susceptible to initiation, or self-sustained energy release, when present in sufficient quantities and exposed to stimuli such as heat, shock, friction, chemical incompatibility, or electrostatic...
Containment treatments are often performed to prevent, or significantly reduce, the migration of contaminants in soils or ground water. Containment is necessary whenever contaminated materials are to be buried or left in place at a site. In general, containment is performed when extensive subsurface contamination at a site precludes excavation and removal of wastes because of potential hazards, unrealistic cost, or lack of adequate treatment technologies.
Containment treatments offer quick installation times and...
A treatment train is the combination of different treatment technologies. A system diagram of a common treatment train for fuels is illustrated below. The fuel contaminated soil is first treated using a soil washing process. Water is injected at the up stream side of the contaminated site. Surfactant or other additives may be added to enhance the soil washing effect. Contaminated water is pulled out through extraction wells installed at the down stream side for further treatment. An in situ bioremediation process...
Introduction
Fracturing is an enhancement technology designed to increase the efficiency of other in situ technologies in difficult soil conditions. The fracturing extends and enlarges existing fissures and introduces new fractures, primarily in the horizontal direction. When fracturing has been completed, the formation is then subjected to vapor extraction, either by applying a vacuum to all wells or by extracting from selected wells, while other wells are capped or used for passive air inlet or forced air...
Introduction
Any new technology must overcome perceptions of the marketplace, which are not accurate. As a technology moves into new areas of application, new misconceptions also arise. Crossflow membrane technology is no exception.
The first man-made, pressure-driven `crossflow` membranes were made in flat sheet form. This membrane had to be configured in a device, and was first made in tile obvious `plate-and-frame` design. The spiral-wound design resulted as a response to the high cost, large size, and...
Horizontal well technology has been incorporated into many current environmental remediation applications (and associated contaminants), such as in situ bioremediation, air sparging, vacuum extraction, soil flushing, free product recovery, etc. Ac cording to information reviewed, this technology is most applicable to sites with relatively shallow soil and/or groundwater contamination, and can potentially enhance remediation efforts at sites low hydraulic conductivities.
Types of horizontal wells include both...
Abstract
As water and sewer costs are expected to increase over the next decade, membrane technology will continue to be a viable and economical option in the recovery and reuse of water. This paper describes the mechanism of membrane effected separation (specifically reverse osmosis, ultrafiltration and microfiltration), membranes commercially available, membrane element configurations, and how complete membrane systems are designed. The paper also discusses case histories of a variety of proven applications,...
SummaryWaste discharges from municipal sewage treatment plants are a significant source of water quality problems throughout the country. States report that municipal discharges are the main source of impairment to estuaries and coastal waters, the second leading source of impaired rivers and streams, and also are a major source of pollution in lakes. Pollutants associated with municipal discharges include nutrients (which can stimulate growth of algae that deplete dissolved oxygen in surface water), bacteria and...
The following article is based on a paper presented in August, 1990 at the 21st Annual Meeting of the Fine Particle Society in San Diego.
Soft drink manufacturers, not to mention manufacturers of other beverage products, have always had a keen interest in the water that goes into their products. After all, it is the water that typically makes up 80%-90% of the product.
In the past the water has been treated by a variety of methods, depending on the type of water supply and the type of drink being produced. Or,...
Customer comments
No comments were found for Drinking water treatment residuals as an amendment to alkaline soils: Effects on the growth of corn and phosphorus extractability. Be the first to comment!
