An integrated health risk assessment framework including contaminant transport model, exposure assessment models, physiologicallybased pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling, and dose-response assessment was developed in this paper to bridge the gap amongst environmental engineers, toxicologists, and researchers in environmental health science and to improve the comprehensive understanding of the health risks posed by contaminated sites. Aleatory and epistemic uncertainties are identified, properly represented and...
The amount of toxicologic literature available can be so copious as to present significant challenges to risk assessors tasked with identifying key studies. As a new approach to managing such information, an information specialist and a toxicologist developed an open source text mining computer program consisting of knowledge bases and search algorithms. Quantitative toxicologic data, such as dose levels or risk numbers, are often presented in the abstracts of scientific literature records, which, in turn,...
Various models are available to help assess the risk of chemicals to the aquatic environment. The hazard posed by pesticides in use in Prince Edward Island, Canada was estimated by a model based on fugacity. Groups of individuals currently working in the field of aquatic toxicology were asked to rank 20 of these pesticides in order of decreasing hazard. There is little agreement between prediction using the model and perceptions of the respondents. There is general agreement between two of the groups of toxicologis...
This article provides a comprehensive review of hormesis, a dose–response concept that is characterized by a low-dose stimulation and a high-dose inhibition. The article traces the historical foundations of hormesis, its quantitative features and mechanistic foundations, and its risk assessment implications. The article indicates that the hormetic dose response is the most fundamental dose response, significantly outcompeting other leading dose–response models in large-scale, head-to-head evaluations. The...
For the past few years, a strong and intensive combined study by analytical scientists and biologists on bioindication and biomonitoring has developed. To achieve a more public-related prophylactic healthcare feature derived from these biotechniques in the future, the collaboration between analytical scientists, ecotoxicologists and especially human toxicologists has to be strongly intensified and promoted. For this purpose, different forms of education and teaching of students on an international level combined...
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