District Energy has a three-fold attraction: financial savings for the customer, a revenue stream for the provider, and economic revival for the community. The District Energy Company is the forum for their achievement. The key to the company’s success is in marrying the needs of the energy supplier (process industry), the customer (city building owners) and the municipality in order to minimise the inherent engineering, financial and marketing risks. This paper discusses the issue, citing examples of current business structures and ways in which the process industries may benefit from the venture.
Combustion efficiency is a measurement of how well any given fuel is being burned and converted into useful energy (e.g.: heat, hot water, steam). The calculations are based on 3 MAJOR Factors:
Chemistry of the burned Fuel (e.g. Propane, Natural Gas, Oil, etc)
The CO2 percentage by volume after the combustion process
The NET temperature difference between the Stack Gas & the Primary Air being used
Condensing furnaces, boilers, and tankless water heaters use a different method of measuring the ΔT...
Babcock & Wilcox Vølund’s license partner Grantop (Guangzhou Environment Protection Investment Co. Ltd.) has completed the Likeng II waste-to-energyplant in Guangzhou, China. The plant is one of the largest Chinese waste-to-energy plants and it is specifically designed for Chinese waste. This includes the waste characteristics with high moisture and low calorific value.
The Likeng II plant has 3 lines of 750 tonnes waste capacity per day each, based on B&W Vølund engineering design...
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a Gram-negative halophilic marine microbe that causes gastroenteritis, wound infections, and septicemia in humans. Since the emergence of the pandemic clone O3:K6, V. parahaemolyticus has become a globally well-known pathogen. In this study, 375 seawater samples collected from the Eastern coast of Saudi Arabia were tested for the presence of V. parahaemolyticus. Three hundred and forty samples were determined positive for V. parahaemolyticus using traditional microbiological techniques....
Contaminant arsenic(V) has been regarded as one of the top-priority pollutants to remove from water. In this contribution, different mesoporous Y-Al binary oxides were prepared by the wet impregnation method via varying the molar ratio of Y/Al in the range of 0.029 to 0.116. The manufactured materials were employed as adsorbent to separate arsenic(V) from water. The adsorbent was characterized by N2 adsorption–desorption isotherm, point of zero charge (PZC) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR). Furthermore, the...
The characteristics of sludge retained in a down-flow hanging sponge reactor were investigated to provide a better understanding of the sewage treatment process in the reactor. The organic removal and sulfur oxidation conditions were found to differ between the first layer and the following three layers. It was found that 63% and 59% of the organic matter was removed in the first layer, even though the hydraulic retention time was only 0.2 h. It is thought that the organic removal resulted from aerobic and...
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