acute toxicity Articles | Environmental XPRT

A comparative study of perchlorate degradation in acute toxicity and chronic toxicity

Since the discovery of perchlorate in water system, the public has been concerned about its human health effect. In practice it was reported that chronic exposure to perchlorate may lead to damage in thyroid hormone activity. This study introduced a method of perchlorate reduction, using autotrophic bacteria which utilise hydrogen as an electron donor. Two experiments were conducted to compare ...

Sep. 1, 2010

By IWA Publishing

Oxidation of nonylphenol ethoxylates in aqueous solution by UV-C photolysis, H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>/UV-C, Fenton and photo-Fenton processes: are these processes toxicologically safe?

Oxidation of nonylphenol ethoxylates in aqueous solution by UV-C photolysis, H₂O₂/UV-C, Fenton and photo-Fenton processes: are these processes toxicologically safe?

UV-C, H2O2/UV-C, Fenton and photo-Fenton treatment of a nonylphenol polyethoxylate (NP-10) were comparatively studied, primarily focusing on the acute toxicity of degradation products. Formic, acetic and oxalic acids were all identified as the degradation products of NP-10; however, the sole common carboxylic acid was found to be formic acid for the studied treatment processes. The percent ...

Nov. 1, 2013

By IWA Publishing

Contrasting effects of chloride on growth, reproduction, and toxicant sensitivity in two genetically distinct strains of Hyalella azteca

The strain of Hyalella azteca (Saussure: Amphipoda) commonly used for aquatic toxicity testing in the US has been shown to perform poorly in some standardized reconstituted waters frequently used for other test species. In 10‐ and 42‐day experiments, we show that growth and reproduction of the US Lab strain of H. azteca varies strongly with chloride concentration in the test water, with ...

Aug. 11, 2015

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Toxicity and Microcystin Content of Extracts from a Planktothrix Bloom and Two Laboratory Strains

Abstract : Toxic effects and microcystin content from various extracts of aPlanktothrix agardhiibloom and two different strains ofPlanktothrix agardhii, HUB 076, and NIVA 34 were investigated. Extracts were obtained with solvents of different polarity such as hexane, dichloromethane, methanol, and water. Additionally, different pre-treatments were used to break the cells before extraction. Acute ...

Jan. 8, 2020

By Microbiotests Inc.

Bisphenol A in the Surface Water and Freshwater Snail Collected from Rivers Around a Secure Landfill

Bisphenol A (BPA; 4,4'-isopropylidenediphenol; CAS Registry No. 80-05-7) is widely used as a material for the production of epoxy resins and polycarbonates (Steinmetz et al., 1997) and has an acute toxicity to aquatic organisms in the range of 1 to 10 mg/L for freshwater and marine species (Alexander at al., 1988). The solubility of BPA in water ranged from 120 to 300 ng/ml (Staples et al., ...

Nov. 7, 2005

By Springer-Verlag GmbH

Saving two birds with one stone — using active substance avian acute toxicity data to predict formulated plant protection product toxicity

Environmental safety assessments for exposure of birds require the provision of acute avian toxicity data on both the pesticidal active substance and formulated products. As an example, in Europe testing on the formulated product is waived using an assessment of data for the constituent active substance(s). Globally this is often not the case as some countries require acute toxicity tests with ...

Mar. 26, 2014

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Acute toxicity of three antifungal chemicals on silverside Odontesthes bonariensis (Valenciennes 1835) eggs

The effects of sodium chloride (NaCl) and formalin (F) on some toxicological parameters and the hatching rate of Odontesthes bonariensis eggs were examined under laboratory conditions, and the determined values were compared with those obtained for Malachite Green (MG), which was used as a reference toxic. The 96 hours nominal LC-50 were 1.51 mg L-1, 652.14 μl L-1 and 34.82 g L-1 for MG, F and ...

Dec. 15, 2010

By Inderscience Publishers

The role of silver and vanadium release in the toxicity of silver vanadate nanowires toward Daphnia similis

Nanomaterials are used in a wide spectrum of applications, including nanowires that are objects with at least one of its dimensions in the range of 1 to 100 nm. Recently, a new type of silver vanadate nanowire decorated with silver nanoparticles (SVSN‐LQES1) with promising antimicrobial activity against different pathogenic bacteria was described. The objective of the present study was to ...

Jan. 22, 2013

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The acute toxicity of chemically and physically dispersed crude oil to key arctic species under arctic conditions during the open water season

The acute toxicity of physically and chemically dispersed crude oil and the dispersant Corexit 9500 were evaluated for key Arctic species. The copepod Calanus glacialis, juvenile Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida), and larval sculpin (Myoxocephalus sp.) were tested under conditions representative of the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas during the ice‐free season. Toxicity of three water accommodated ...

Jun. 13, 2013

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Ozone degradation of chloramphenicol: efficacy, products and toxicity

The present work investigated the ozonation of chloramphenicol (CAP). Aqueous CAP was effectively removed by ozonation. The reaction intermediates or products were identified by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and ion chromatography. A possible degradation scheme was proposed based on the detected products. The change of antibiotic activity and acute toxicity of reaction mixtures was ...

Jun. 11, 2012

By Inderscience Publishers

The acute toxicity of major ion salts to Ceriodaphnia dubia: I. Influence of background water chemistry

The ions Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl‐, SO42‐, and HCO3‐/CO32‐ (referred to here as “major ions”) are present in all fresh waters and are physiologically required by aquatic organisms, but can increase to harmful levels from a variety of anthropogenic activities. It is also known that the toxicities of major ion salts can vary depending on the concentrations of other ions, and understanding these ...

May 12, 2016

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Erratum: Acute toxicity of emamectin benzoate and its desmethyl metabolite to Eohaustorius estuarius

Jun. 14, 2012

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

A Comparison Of Standard Acute Toxicity Tests With Rapid-Screening Toxicity Tests

Abstract: This study compared the relative sensitivity of five inexpensive, rapid toxicity tests to the sensitivity of five standard aquatic acute toxicity tests through literature review and testing. The rapid toxicity tests utilized organisms that require little culturing or handling prior to testing : a freshwater rotifer (Brachnionus calyciflorus); brine shrimp (Artemia salina); lettuce ...

Jan. 1, 1995

By Microbiotests Inc.

Assessment of Acute Toxicity to Treatment Plants

Assessment of Acute Toxicity to Treatment Plants Situations often occur where rapid assessment of potential toxicity to a treatment process is needed, for example, when hauled wastes are discharged to treatment plants. In these cases, the test wastewater is added in various ratios to a mixed liquor suspension along with an organic substrate that is known to degrade well by the test culture. ...

Jan. 1, 2003

By Challenge Technology

Cyst-Based Toxicity Tests. - VI. The Potential of Ecotoxicological Tests for the Predicton of Acute Toxicity in Man as Evaluated on the First 10 Chemicals of the MEIC Programme

Abstract : In the framework of the multicentre evaluation ofin vitrocytotoxicology (MEIC) programme, the first ten chemicals of the prescribed list were tested for acute toxicity in four standardised cyst-based aquatic invertebrate tests, consisting of two rotifer species (the estuarineBrachionus plicatilisand the freshwaterBrachionus calyciflorus) and two crustacean species (the halophilic ...

Jan. 7, 2020

By Microbiotests Inc.

A new approach based on polynomial functions for measuring the acute toxicity of environmental samples

In this paper, a new mathematical approach for the estimation of acute toxicity in environmental samples is proposed. The concentration of pollutant or the amount of sample producing the inhibition of 50% of the living organisms used for the test (EC50) is determined by means of Polynomial Functions (PF) applied to the experimental x (concentration of pollutant) and y (concentration or number of ...

Jan. 30, 2007

By Inderscience Publishers

QSAR Models for Predicting the Acute Toxicity of Selected Organic Chemicals with Diverse Structures to Aquatic Non-Vertebrates and Humans

Abstract : The linear and non-linear relationships of acute toxicity (as determined on five aquatic non-vertebrates and humans) to molecular structure have been investigated on 38 structurally-diverse chemicals. The compounds selected are the organic chemicals from the 50 priority chemicals prescribed by the Multicentre Evaluation of In Vitro Cytotoxicity (MEIC) programme. The models used for the ...

Jan. 8, 2020

By Microbiotests Inc.

Development of a fluoride chronic effects benchmark for aquatic life in freshwater

Canada has an interim water quality guideline (WQG) for fluoride for protection of freshwater aquatic life that dates from 2002; one Canadian province has a different interim WQG for fluoride that dates to 1995. The US does not have a national benchmark for fluoride in freshwater, only one us state has such a benchmark. There are no other national or regional benchmarks for fluoride chronic ...

Aug. 16, 2014

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Acute Toxicity Bioassays using Rotifers. I. A Test for Brackish and Marine Environments with Brachionus plicatilis

Abstract :A standardized 24-h acute toxicity test for the marine environment using the rotiferBrachionus plicatilisis described. Test animals are obtained by hatching cysts, thus eliminating the need for stock cultures. Since animals hatching from cysts are of similar age, genotype and physiological condition, test variability is greatly reduced. Controlled cyst hatching is achieved by ...

Jan. 7, 2020

By Microbiotests Inc.

Halogenated carbazoles induce cardiotoxicity in developing zebrafish embryos (Danio rerio)

Halogenated carbazoles are increasingly identified as a novel class of environmental contaminants. However, no in vivo acute toxicity information of those compounds was available. In the current study, an in vivo zebrafish embryonic model (Danio Rerio) was used to investigate the developmental toxicity of those halogenated carbazoles. The results suggested that acute toxicity was ...

Mar. 2, 2016

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.