acute toxicity Articles

Since the discovery of perchlorate in water system, the public has been concerned about its human health effect. In practice it was reported that chronic exposure to perchlorate may lead to damage in thyroid hormone activity. This study introduced a method of perchlorate reduction, using autotrophic bacteria which utilise hydrogen as an electron donor. Two experiments were conducted to compare ...

Sep. 1, 2010

By IWA Publishing

UV-C, H2O2/UV-C, Fenton and photo-Fenton treatment of a nonylphenol polyethoxylate (NP-10) were comparatively studied, primarily focusing on the acute toxicity of degradation products. Formic, acetic and oxalic acids were all identified as the degradation products of NP-10; however, the sole common carboxylic acid was found to be formic acid for the studied treatment processes. The ...

Nov. 1, 2013

By IWA Publishing

The strain of Hyalella azteca (Saussure: Amphipoda) commonly used for aquatic toxicity testing in the US has been shown to perform poorly in some standardized reconstituted waters frequently used for other test species. In 10‐ and 42‐day experiments, we show that growth and reproduction of the US Lab strain of H. azteca varies strongly with chloride concentration in the test water, with ...

Aug. 11, 2015

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Abstract : Toxic effects and microcystin content from various extracts of aPlanktothrix agardhiibloom and two different strains ofPlanktothrix agardhii, HUB 076, and NIVA 34 were investigated. Extracts were obtained with solvents of different polarity such as hexane, dichloromethane, methanol, and water. Additionally, different pre-treatments were used to break the cells before extraction. Acute ...

Jan. 8, 2020

By Microbiotests Inc.

Our studies examined the acute toxicity, the natural bioactive compounds contained in the aqueous leaf extract (ESera) and its actions on the electrocardiogram. They were therefore aimed to confirm the use in traditional medicine for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and childbirth complications. After the revelation of the phytochemical compounds in S. radiatum leaves by general ...

May 24, 2012

By International Network for Natural Sciences (INNSPUB)

The biotic ligand model (BLM) was developed to explain and predict the effects of water chemistry on the acute toxicity of metals to aquatic organisms. The biotic ligand is defined as a specific receptor within an organism where metal complexation leads to acute toxicity. The BLM is designed to predict metal interactions at the biotic ligand within the context of aqueous metal speciation and ...

Oct. 1, 2001

By Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC)

Environmental safety assessments for exposure of birds require the provision of acute avian toxicity data on both the pesticidal active substance and formulated products. As an example, in Europe testing on the formulated product is waived using an assessment of data for the constituent active substance(s). Globally this is often not the case as some countries require acute toxicity tests with ...

Mar. 26, 2014

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Acute toxicity differs between species but also varies within a species. Important intraspecific factors are the exposure duration and properties of the animal such as life stage, sex, and physiological status. In the present study, the acute toxicity of water‐soluble fractions (WSFs) from fresh and artificially weathered oil was followed over time in different life stages of the calanoid ...

Feb. 9, 2016

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Nanomaterials are used in a wide spectrum of applications, including nanowires that are objects with at least one of its dimensions in the range of 1 to 100 nm. Recently, a new type of silver vanadate nanowire decorated with silver nanoparticles (SVSN‐LQES1) with promising antimicrobial activity against different pathogenic bacteria was described. The objective of the present study was to ...

Jan. 22, 2013

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Bisphenol A (BPA; 4,4'-isopropylidenediphenol; CAS Registry No. 80-05-7) is widely used as a material for the production of epoxy resins and polycarbonates (Steinmetz et al., 1997) and has an acute toxicity to aquatic organisms in the range of 1 to 10 mg/L for freshwater and marine species (Alexander at al., 1988). The solubility of BPA in water ranged from 120 to 300 ng/ml (Staples et al., ...

Nov. 7, 2005

By Springer-Verlag GmbH

Abstract : The linear and non-linear relationships of acute toxicity (as determined on five aquatic non-vertebrates and humans) to molecular structure have been investigated on 38 structurally-diverse chemicals. The compounds selected are the organic chemicals from the 50 priority chemicals prescribed by the Multicentre Evaluation of In Vitro Cytotoxicity (MEIC) programme. The models used for the ...

Jan. 8, 2020

By Microbiotests Inc.

The acute toxicity of physically and chemically dispersed crude oil and the dispersant Corexit 9500 were evaluated for key Arctic species. The copepod Calanus glacialis, juvenile Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida), and larval sculpin (Myoxocephalus sp.) were tested under conditions representative of the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas during the ice‐free season. Toxicity of three water accommodated ...

Jun. 13, 2013

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Canada has an interim water quality guideline (WQG) for fluoride for protection of freshwater aquatic life that dates from 2002; one Canadian province has a different interim WQG for fluoride that dates to 1995. The US does not have a national benchmark for fluoride in freshwater, only one us state has such a benchmark. There are no other national or regional benchmarks for fluoride chronic ...

Aug. 16, 2014

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The present work investigated the ozonation of chloramphenicol (CAP). Aqueous CAP was effectively removed by ozonation. The reaction intermediates or products were identified by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and ion chromatography. A possible degradation scheme was proposed based on the detected products. The change of antibiotic activity and acute toxicity of reaction mixtures was ...

Jun. 11, 2012

By Inderscience Publishers

Abstract : In the framework of the multicentre evaluation ofin vitrocytotoxicology (MEIC) programme, the first ten chemicals of the prescribed list were tested for acute toxicity in four standardised cyst-based aquatic invertebrate tests, consisting of two rotifer species (the estuarineBrachionus plicatilisand the freshwaterBrachionus calyciflorus) and two crustacean species (the halophilic ...

Jan. 7, 2020

By Microbiotests Inc.

Wastewater containing several dyes, including sulfur black from the dyeing process in a textile mill, was treated using a UV/H2O2 process. The wastewater was characterized by a low BOD/COD ratio, intense color and high acute toxicity to the algae species Pseudokirchneriella subcaptata. The influence of the pH and H2O2 concentration on the treatment process was evaluated by a full factorial design ...

Jan. 1, 2011

By IWA Publishing

The ions Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl‐, SO42‐, and HCO3‐/CO32‐ (referred to here as “major ions”) are present in all fresh waters and are physiologically required by aquatic organisms, but can increase to harmful levels from a variety of anthropogenic activities. It is also known that the toxicities of major ion salts can vary depending on the concentrations of other ions, and understanding these ...

May 12, 2016

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Abstract :A standardized 24-h acute toxicity test for the marine environment using the rotiferBrachionus plicatilisis described. Test animals are obtained by hatching cysts, thus eliminating the need for stock cultures. Since animals hatching from cysts are of similar age, genotype and physiological condition, test variability is greatly reduced. Controlled cyst hatching is achieved by ...

Jan. 7, 2020

By Microbiotests Inc.

Halogenated carbazoles are increasingly identified as a novel class of environmental contaminants. However, no in vivo acute toxicity information of those compounds was available. In the current study, an in vivo zebrafish embryonic model (Danio Rerio) was used to investigate the developmental toxicity of those halogenated carbazoles. The results suggested that acute toxicity was ...

Mar. 2, 2016

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

In this paper, a new mathematical approach for the estimation of acute toxicity in environmental samples is proposed. The concentration of pollutant or the amount of sample producing the inhibition of 50% of the living organisms used for the test (EC50) is determined by means of Polynomial Functions (PF) applied to the experimental x (concentration of pollutant) and y (concentration or number of ...

Jan. 30, 2007

By Inderscience Publishers