acute toxicity Articles

Assessment of Acute Toxicity to Treatment Plants

Assessment of Acute Toxicity to Treatment Plants Situations often occur where rapid assessment of potential toxicity to a treatment process is needed, for example, when hauled wastes are discharged to treatment plants. In these cases, the test wastewater is added in various ratios to a mixed liquor suspension along with an organic substrate that is known to degrade well by the test culture. ...

Jan. 1, 2003

By Challenge Technology
Acute toxicity of pyraclostrobin and trifloxystrobin to Hyalella azteca

Fungicide application rates on row crop agriculture have increased across the United States, and subsequently, contamination of adjacent wetlands can occur through spray drift or field runoff. To investigate fungicide toxicity, Hyalella azteca amphipods were exposed to 2 fungicide formulations, Headline and Stratego, and their active strobilurin ingredients, pyraclostrobin and trifloxystrobin. ...

May 23, 2013

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Extrapolation of acute toxicity across bee species

In applying cross‐species extrapolation safety factors from honeybees to other bee species, some basic principles of toxicity have not been included, e.g. the importance of body mass in determining a toxic dose. This study re‐analysed published toxicity data taking into account the reported mass of the individuals in the identified species. The analysis demonstrated a shift to the left in the ...

Nov. 23, 2015

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A comparative study of perchlorate degradation in acute toxicity and chronic toxicity

Since the discovery of perchlorate in water system, the public has been concerned about its human health effect. In practice it was reported that chronic exposure to perchlorate may lead to damage in thyroid hormone activity. This study introduced a method of perchlorate reduction, using autotrophic bacteria which utilise hydrogen as an electron donor. Two experiments were conducted to compare ...

Sep. 1, 2010

By IWA Publishing
USE OF FISH EMBRYO TOXICITY TESTS FOR THE PREDICTION OF ACUTE FISH TOXICITY TO CHEMICALS

The Fish Embryo Test (FET) is a potential animal alternative for the acute fish toxicity (AFT) test. A comprehensive validation program assessed 20 different chemicals to understand intra‐ and inter‐laboratory variability for the FET. The FET had sufficient reproducibility across a range of potencies and modes of action. Here the suitability of the FET as an alternative model is subsequently ...

Apr. 19, 2013

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biotic Ligand Model of the Acute Toxicity of Metals, 2. Application to acute copper toxicity in Freshwater Fish and Daphnia

The biotic ligand model (BLM) was developed to explain and predict the effects of water chemistry on the acute toxicity of metals to aquatic organisms. The biotic ligand is defined as a specific receptor within an organism where metal complexation leads to acute toxicity. The BLM is designed to predict metal interactions at the biotic ligand within the context of aqueous metal speciation and ...

Oct. 1, 2001

By Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC)
Acute toxicity tests and meta‐analysis identify gaps in tropical ecotoxicology for amphibians

Amphibian populations are declining worldwide, particularly in tropical regions where amphibian diversity is highest. Pollutants, including agricultural pesticides, have been identified as a potential contributor to decline, yet toxicological studies of tropical amphibians are very rare. The present study assesses toxic effects on amphibians of 10 commonly used commercial pesticides in ...

Aug. 5, 2014

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Standardized methods for acute and semichronic toxicity tests with the copepod Acartia tonsa

The availability of standardized protocols for both organism culture and bioassay with ecologically relevant species is of great concern in ecotoxicology. Acartia tonsa represents an important, often dominant, member of zooplankton communities and meets all the practical criteria suggested for model species. New standardized procedures for laboratory culturing of the copepod A. tonsa and ...

Jun. 15, 2012

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Acute toxicity of nanosize TiO2 to Daphnia magna under UVA irradiation

The production and use of nanoparticles (NPs), especially those of titanium dioxide (TiO2) have increased steadily within the last decade. Common knowledge of photoactive nanosized TiO2 (nTiO2) effects on freshwater organisms is largely limited to acute toxicity tests without taking into consideration solar ultraviolet‐A (UVA) irradiation. The authors' approach in the present study, based on a ...

Aug. 8, 2012

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Partial life‐cycle and acute toxicity of perfluoralkyl acids to freshwater mussels

Freshwater mussels are among the most sensitive aquatic organisms to many contaminants and have complex life‐cycles that include several distinct life stages with unique contaminant exposure pathways.Standard acute (24–96h) and chronic (28d) toxicity tests with free larva (glochidia) and juvenile mussels are effective at generating data on contaminant effects at two discrete lifestages, but do ...

May 3, 2012

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PLS and KNN algorithms for improved 3D‐QSDAR consensus modeling of acute toxicity

A diverse set of 154 chemicals that included FDA‐regulated compounds tested for their aquatic toxicity in Daphnia magna were modeled by a three‐dimensional quantitative spectral data‐activity relationship (3D‐QSDAR). Two distinct algorithms, namely partial least squares (PLS) and Tanimoto similarity based k‐nearest neighbors (KNN) were used to process bin occupancy descriptor matrices obtained ...

Jan. 27, 2014

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Erratum: Acute toxicity of emamectin benzoate and its desmethyl metabolite to Eohaustorius estuarius

Jun. 14, 2012

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dispersant and salinity effects on weathering and acute toxicity of South Louisiana crude oil

Chemical dispersants are an important technology in the remediation of oil spills in the aquatic environment, facilitating degradation of crude oil and salinity is an important factor in dispersant effectiveness. The aim of the current study was to explore the role of salinity on the degradation chemistry of crude oil polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and acute toxicity of the water ...

Aug. 12, 2013

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Acute toxicity of binary and ternary mixtures of Cd, Cu, and Zn to Daphnia magna

Standard static‐exposure acute lethality tests were conducted with Daphnia magna neonates exposed to binary or ternary mixtures of Cd, Cu, and Zn in moderately hard reconstituted water that contained 3 mg DOC/L added as Suwannee River fulvic acid. These experiments were conducted to test for additive toxicity (i.e., the response to the mixture can be predicted by combining the responses ...

Oct. 22, 2014

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Acute toxicity and genotoxicity of five selected anionic and nonionic surfactants

The results of four toxicity bioassays of selected anionic and nonionic surface active agents were presented. Three widely used anionic surfactants that belong to alkyl sulphates (AS), alkylbenzene sulphonates (LAS) and alkylpolyoxyethylene sulphates (AES) as well as nonionic surfactants: polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers (AE) and polyoxylethylene alkylphenyl ethers (APE) were tested. Three different ...

Jul. 7, 2011

By MicroBioTests Inc.
Mitigation of malathion's acute toxicity by four submersed macrophyte species

Some submersed macrophyte species rapidly sorb some insecticides from the water, potentially reducing exposure for aquatic species. The rates at which macrophytes remove insecticides, however, can differ widely among plant species. Furthermore, few studies have examined how much macrophytes actually influence insecticide toxicity to sensitive animals. The authors quantified the ability of ...

Jun. 3, 2013

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synergistic effect of piperonyl butoxide (PBO) on acute toxicity of pyrethrins to Hyalella azteca

A series of acute toxicity tests with the amphipod Hyalella azteca was performed to quantify the synergistic effect of piperonyl butoxide (PBO) on pyrethrins toxicity. PBO concentrations less than 4 µg/L caused no toxicity enhancement, while toxicity increased with PBO concentrations between 4 µg/L and 15 µg/L. Additive toxicity calculations showed that true synergism accounted for an increase ...

Jan. 14, 2016

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inhibition effect of glyphosate on the acute and subacute toxicity of cadmium to earthwom Eisenia fetida

The acute and subacute toxicities of Cd to earthworm Eisenia fetida (E.fetida) in the presence and absence of glyphosate (GPS) were studied. Cd is highly toxic to E. fetida, while the presence of GPS markedly reduced the acute toxicity of Cd to earthworm, as both the mortality rate of the earthworms and the accumulation of Cd decreased with the increase of GPS/Cd molar ratio. The subcellular ...

Jul. 15, 2014

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Acute toxicity of cadmium, lead, zinc, and their mixtures to stream‐resident fish and invertebrates

The authors conducted 150 tests of the acute toxicity of resident fish and invertebrates to Cd, Pb, and Zn, separately and in mixtures, in waters from the South Fork Coeur d'Alene River watershed, Idaho, USA. Field‐collected shorthead sculpin (Cottus confusus), westslope cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi), two mayflies (Baetis tricaudatus and Rhithrogena sp.), a stonefly (Sweltsa sp.), ...

Apr. 28, 2012

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Acute toxicity and inactivation tests of CO2 on invertebrates in drinking water treatment systems

In addition to the esthetic problem caused by invertebrates, researchers are recently starting to be more aware of their potential importance in terms of public health. However, the inactivation methods of invertebrates which could proliferate in drinking water treatment systems are not well developed. The objective of this study is to assess the acute toxicity and inactivation effects of CO2 on ...

Jan. 1, 2011

By IWA Publishing

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