air pollution impact Articles
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Air pollution impacts brain development before birth
A study published today (Mar 25, 2015) in JAMA Psychology outlines the negative impacts of prenatal exposure to air pollutants on childhood brain development. Researchers at the Institute for the Developing Mind at Children’s Hospital Los Angeles and Columbia University’s Center for Children’s Environmental Health followed the development of 40 children from before birth through ...
By Ensia
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The multi-scale character of air pollution: impact of local measures in relation to European and regional policies – a case study in Antwerp, Belgium
This paper describes a multi-scale modelling approach designed to assess the impact of policy plans at various decision making levels (European, regional and local). The modelling framework is applied for a case study in Antwerp, Belgium. Various tunnel options and traffic management plans for the Antwerp ring road are evaluated with respect to their impact on air quality in 2020 and 2025. The ...
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A decision support system for air quality management combining GIS and optimisation techniques
This paper describes a multi-tiered approach to the design of plans and policies for urban environmental management, in particular air quality, as related to the energy and transportation sectors. The approach is based on the iterative combination of sectoral and global optimisation models, including a discrete multi-criteria approach, and spatially distributed air quality models. The approach ...
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The "MAESTRO system 1.0": a new modelling system for impact studies over complex terrain
To perform realistic impact studies over complex terrain, ATM-PRO s.p.r.l. developed a new 3-D dispersion model, MAESTRO system 1.0*. This system effectively couples a 3-D meso-meteorological model to a Lagrangian dispersion model and runs on a PC at reasonable CPU costs. It takes into account topography and land use. It simulates dry and wet deposition, gravitational settling and plume rise. ...
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Air pollution impacts from carbon capture and storage (CCS)
Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) consists of the capture of carbon dioxide (CO2) from power plants and/or CO2-intensive industries such as refineries, cement, iron and steel, its subsequent transport to a storage site, and finally its injection into a suitable underground geological formation for the purposes of permanent storage. It is considered to be one of the medium term 'bridging ...
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Aermod View - New Alpha Options in Aermod 22112
With the latest release of the AERMOD model dated 22112, the U.S. EPA has continued to expand the formulated capabilities of the model. Most of these updates have been added as ALPHA non-default options, a concept we covered in a previous modeling tip. AERMOD 22112 contains 6 new ALPHA options which are described below: Platform Downwash Taken from the Offshore and Coastal Dispersion Model ...
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The Evolving Landscape of Global VOC Emission Monitoring Regulations: A Comprehensive Overview
Introduction: Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are significant contributors to air pollution, impacting both the environment and public health. Recognizing the urgency of addressing VOC emissions, countries around the world are actively shaping and implementing regulations to monitor and control these harmful pollutants. This article provides a detailed overview of existing and upcoming VOC ...
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Environmental damage costs from airborne pollution in the major cities in China
This paper estimates the environment external costs due to air pollutants via the impacts pathway approach used for ExternE project in the major cities in China over the period 2003-2006. The estimation results show that the external costs were US$ 20.15 billion in 2006, representing 2.28% of gross domestic product (GDP). This means that China suffered a lot for the air pollutants with the ...
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Air quality, cognition, and mental health: How air pollution impacts the brain
TL;DR - While air pollution’s negative impacts on the lungs and cardiovascular system are well-recognized, poor air quality also has adverse consequences on the brain and affects mental and cognitive health. We examine how air pollution affects us in every stage of life, beginning in utero and continuing until old age - as well as how these cognitive and mental health impacts ...
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Environmental impact assessment of a new thermal power plant Šoštanj Block 6 in highly complex terrain
Slovenia is starting an important investment - Block 6 of the thermal power plant in Šoštanj located in the Velenje basin and characterised by very complex terrain. Air pollution examination as part of the environmental impact assessment is an interesting example of usage of the modern Lagrangian particle model Spray coupled with the diagnostic mass consistent wind field model ...
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Comparison of health and environmental impacts from electricity generation systems
Health and environmental impacts from fossil, renewable and nuclear electricity generation are estimated following a detailed bottom-up impact pathway analysis. By using a set of harmonised air quality and dose-effect models, a methodological framework has been established and consistently applied across different fuel chains, including the analysis of consequences from beyond design nuclear ...
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A methodological proposal for the identification of energy-environmental performance indicators aimed at recovering the air quality
The paper deals with the introduction of a complex index capable of evaluating environmental air quality in industrial areas. In Italy regional plans of recovery and protection of air quality have been put in practice in order to identify areas where the increase of the emissions into atmosphere, owing to urban and/or industrial development, should be limited or prevented. The methodology is ...
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Problems of energy conservation and environmental impacts of energy production and consumption in Slovakia
The current situation of the Slovak energy sector and its development since 1990 (Gross Domestic Product, primary energy sources, final energy consumption, energy intensity, electricity intensity, electricity consumption) is presented. A marked dependence on energy imports explains the necessity for energy conservation in Slovakia. Energy intensity in Slovakia is steadily decreasing; still there ...
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Relation between the exergy of waste emissions and measures of environmental impact
In an attempt to improve methodologies for assessing and predicting environmental impact, the relation between several measures of environmental impact potential and exergy is investigated. Exergy is a measure of the degree of disequilibrium between a substance and its environment. The approach taken compares current methods used to assess the environmental impact potential of waste emissions and ...
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Modelling surface pollutant concentrations in the city of Zurich
First results of a dispersion modelling study in the city of Zurich are presented. Surface pollutant concentrations (yearly averages) at several monitoring stations were modelled using the Danish OML-Multi operational model and compared with observations. For this purpose a detailed SO2 and NOx emission inventory for the year 1990 was constructed. The results show an average overestimation of the ...
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Gas dispersion modelling harmonisation: an industrial viewpoint
The harmonisation of gas dispersion modelling across Europe requires not only harmonisation of the physics incorporated into different mathematical models but also harmonisation of the way that practitioners actually use these models. This paper highlights the need to define minimum acceptable standards for gas dispersion modelling, especially in the specification of source conditions and ...
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Some determinants of carbon dioxide emissions in Bangladesh
Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, industrial output growth, population growth and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows in Bangladesh for 1972–2008 are found non–stationary in terms of both Augmented Dickey–Fuller (ADF) and Kwiatkowski, Phillips, Schmidt and Shin (KPSS) tests with different orders of integration. As a result, the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model and Vector ...
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The role of air pollution in Ella Kissi-Debrah’s death – and what comes next
A landmark decision on air pollution In a landmark move, a court has ruled that air pollution made a significant contribution to the death of 9-year old Ella Kissi-Debrah. The importance of this decision is that it marks the first time a person in the UK has had air pollution listed as part of the cause of death. Coroner Philip Barlow ruled that exposure to nitrogen dioxide and particulate ...
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Ozone impacts on assimilation and allocation to reproductive sinks in the vegetatively propagated C4 weed, yellow nutsedge
Crop production in many irrigated agricultural regions is challenged by both air pollution and weed pressure. Impacts of ozone (O3) on C4 plants have received little attention. Yet many important crops and weeds utilize the C4 pathway, including yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus L.). A previous study suggested that this species may respond to O3 exposure with enhanced allocation of biomass ...
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Air pollution damage estimates: the cost per kilogram of pollutant
To optimise environmental regulations such as emission limits, pollution taxes or tradable permits, it is necessary to know the damage cost per kilogram of emitted pollutant. It is calculated by means of an impact pathway analysis which involves the calculation of the increased pollutant concentration in all affected regions due to an incremental emission (e.g. µg/m² of particles, using models of ...
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