aluminum coagulant Articles
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Evaluation of leached metals in recovered aluminum coagulants from water treatment slurry
The water treatment industry consumes large quantities of coagulant and produces huge amounts of slurry. The cost of alum used in water treatment, stringent regulations and negative impacts of sludge disposal are the motive to do integrated research studies on the technical feasibility of aluminum coagulant recovery from sludge using acidification. This work studied the leaching of iron, ...
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Restoration of two shallow, urban lakes using the phosphorus inactivation method – preliminary results
This paper presents the initial environmental effects of polyaluminum chloride application on the water quality of two connected, shallow urban lakes in the Mazurian Lakeland, Poland. The water quality of Lake Domowe Duże (62 ha, mean depth 2.4 m) and Lake Domowe Małe (11 ha, mean depth 2.8 m) in Szczytno did not improve after sewage discharge cutoff. Thus, local authorities ...
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Virus removal by an in-line coagulation–ceramic microfiltration process with high-basicity polyaluminum coagulation pretreatment
The ability of in-line coagulation pretreatment with high-basicity polyaluminum chloride (PACl) coagulants to enhance virus removal by ceramic microfiltration (MF) was examined by comparing virus removal efficiencies from water pretreated with PACl-2.2 (basicity 2.2) and PACl-2.5 (basicity 2.5) versus alum, a synthetic aluminum chloride (AlCl3) solution, and two commercially available PACls, ...
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Effect of coagulant basicity on virus removal from water by polyferric chloride
We investigated the effect of coagulant basicity on bacteriophage removal from river water by polyferric chloride (PFC). PFC at three basicities (basicity 0.9–2.1) was prepared by means of base titration (NaOH was added to ferric chloride (FeCl3) solution) and the virus removal efficiencies of those PFCs were compared with that of FeCl3 (basicity 0). The virus removal efficiencies of the PFCs ...
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A full-scale study of Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst and Cryptosporidium-sized microsphere removals from swimming pools via sand filtration
Removal of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts and Cryptosporidium-sized microspheres was evaluated in full-scale swimming pools via high-rate sand filtration (31–34 m/h) with coagulation. Results showed that at least 90% of C. parvum oocysts and microspheres were removed by filtration with an initial dosage of coagulant B (1.56 mg/L), D (1.9 mg/L or 305 g/m2), or F (1.56 mg/L) from each swimming ...
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Industrial Laundry-2
This facility washes shop towels, uniforms, and floor mats from a variety of industrial clients. The wastewater has heavy metals, hydrocarbons, and oil/greases. The staff has heavily modified the treatment system with mixing tanks and longer detention time for the chemicals to work. The treatment consisted of lime addition, calcium Chloride, an aluminum based coagulant, and an anionic flocculant. ...
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Decolorization of dyeing wastewater and characterization of flocs during coagulation by a new composite coagulant
A composite coagulant, polymeric aluminum ferric chloride-poly-epichlorohydrin-ethylenediamine (PAFC-EPI-ETA), was synthesized and then used for the treatment of synthetic reactive brilliant red (RBR) dyeing wastewater. Effects of (Fe + Al) to EPI-ETA mass ratio (P) on the color removal and zeta potential were investigated under different coagulant dosages and initial pHs. Experimental ...
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Cake porosity analysis using 1D–3D fractal dimensions in coagulation–microfiltration of NOM
Fouling during coagulation–ceramic microfiltration of natural organic matter was investigated. Two process configurations (inline coagulation (IC) and tank coagulation (TC)) and two process conditions (types of coagulants–aluminum-based PAX and iron-based PIX–and G-values) were studied. The rate of irreversible fouling corresponding to the increase of initial transmembrane ...
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Comparison of anion exchange resins and aluminum-based coagulants for natural organic matter (NOM) removal and disinfection by-product (DBP) formation
Anion exchange resins (AERs) were compared with aluminum-based coagulants for reducing disinfection by-product (DBP) precursor concentrations from a source water collected in northeast Ohio, USA. Three AERs (IRA-910, IRA-958, and MIEX) were evaluated to determine which resin would remove the most natural organic matter (NOM) and moieties responsible for DBP formation. All the AERs were found to ...
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Preparation and characterization of polymeric phosphate-aluminum sulphate for source water treatment
Aluminum sulphate (AS) as a common coagulant has been widely used in water treatment. Pre-hydrolysed AS (PAS) has higher molecular weight, presenting stronger water treatment performance; however, its poor stability has greatly limited its application. Therefore, there is still a need to obtain a stable PAS. In this study, a method for stabilizing PAS product was proposed and a new coagulant, ...
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Evaluation of sludge handling using acidification and sequential aluminum coagulant recovery: case study of El-Sheikh Zayed WTP
Huge amounts of water treatment sludge are wasted annually in Egypt. One common practice of sludge handling is to discharge into waterways or by disposal after drying into landfills. Currently, there is a critical need for sustainable solutions that provide environmental protection as well as benefits for water producers. Coagulant recovery is not new but is still a good solution for sludge ...
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Electro-coagulation treatment efficiency of graphite, iron and aluminum electrodes using alum and wood ash electrolytes on a Kraft pulp and paper mill effluent
Specific power consumption and reduction of BOD, COD, TS, pH, and chemical elements were used to determine the treatment efficiency of Fe, graphite and Al electrodes with alum and wood ash as supporting electrolytes on the effluent from a Kraft pulp and paper mill in Kenya. Five sampling points were selected along mill's effluent treatment system: primary settling tank (SP1), first aerated lagoon ...
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A pilot-scale study of Cryptosporidium-sized microsphere removals from swimming pools via sand filtration
Cryptosporidium species are the most common cause of gastrointestinal illness in treated recreational water venues. In order to protect public health during swimming, Cryptosporidium-sized microsphere removals by high-rate sand filtration with six coagulants were evaluated with a 5.5 m3 pilot-scale swimming pool. A sand filter without coagulation removed 20–63% of ...
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Coagulant mixing revisited: theory and practice
Are rapid-mixing tanks with intense mixing necessary? Intense mixing applies to the coagulation mechanism of charge-neutralization of negatively-charged particles, but this is not a common coagulation method. More common is precipitation of aluminum or iron for coagulation of particles and natural organic matter, which is often called sweep-floc coagulation. Coagulation by precipitation is ...
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Cactus Opuntia as natural flocculant for urban wastewater treatment
The cactus tree, species Opuntia ficus-indica, is a primary material of many products in various domains such as cosmetics, medicine and nutrition. In the present work, we assess its potential as a flocculant. We tried a technique which adopts three sequential treatments that used coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation processes under certain operating conditions. For this purpose, we ...
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Valorization of the Vicia faba mucilage on textile wastewater treatment as a bio-flocculant: process development and optimization using response surface methodology (RSM)
The Vicia faba membranes are an abundant and a low cost product. In the present research paper, the extracted Vicia faba mucilage was tested as an eco-friendly flocculant for textile wastewater treatment. Its performance as flocculant, in decolorization, chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal and the concentration of total suspended solids was checked. The natural extracted product was ...
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Construction materials production. Application of the ABC-100 unit
Expanded clay industry In the process of expanded clay production the argillous raw material homogenizes and mills in the drilling mud mixers and rollers. But these equipments not ensure qualitative desintegration. As result we obtain the expanded clay of low quality. Insufficiently desintegration and homogenizing of raw materials lead to the result when even 3% of carbonate inclusion in the ...
By GlobeCore PC
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Comparing Sludge Removal Systems For Water Treatment Plants
Due to limited clearance and accessibility, effective removal of settled sludge beneath tube settlers has long been a challenge for plant owners and design engineers. They needed a sludge removal solution with a low-profile design that would offer flexibility during operation and maintenance. In 2012, Brentwood introduced a new sludge removal system to fill those needs - SedVac. To prove ...
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Rendering Facility Wastewater Treatment
Food Processing Wastewater Treatment Case Studies Animal & Grease Rendering Plant Wastewater Treatment Net savings of $21,400/month or $256,800 Annually This facility renders animals as a means to recover protein. The facility generates wastewater flow of 75,000 gal/day with high levels of BOD (10,000 ppm), TSS ...
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Toxicity evaluation of polymeric ferric sulphate
Toxicity evaluation of water treated with polymeric ferric sulphate (PFS), an aluminium-free coagulant, was conducted in this research. Six-week old male F344/N rats exposed to PFS-treated water for three months did not show any obvious pathology as observed histologically or in clinical chemistry compared to rats given tap water. There was no significant difference in body weight gain in the ...
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