aluminum based coagulant Articles
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Virus removal by an in-line coagulation–ceramic microfiltration process with high-basicity polyaluminum coagulation pretreatment
The ability of in-line coagulation pretreatment with high-basicity polyaluminum chloride (PACl) coagulants to enhance virus removal by ceramic microfiltration (MF) was examined by comparing virus removal efficiencies from water pretreated with PACl-2.2 (basicity 2.2) and PACl-2.5 (basicity 2.5) versus alum, a synthetic aluminum chloride (AlCl3) solution, and two commercially available PACls, ...
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Effect of coagulant basicity on virus removal from water by polyferric chloride
We investigated the effect of coagulant basicity on bacteriophage removal from river water by polyferric chloride (PFC). PFC at three basicities (basicity 0.9–2.1) was prepared by means of base titration (NaOH was added to ferric chloride (FeCl3) solution) and the virus removal efficiencies of those PFCs were compared with that of FeCl3 (basicity 0). The virus removal efficiencies of the PFCs ...
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A full-scale study of Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst and Cryptosporidium-sized microsphere removals from swimming pools via sand filtration
Removal of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts and Cryptosporidium-sized microspheres was evaluated in full-scale swimming pools via high-rate sand filtration (31–34 m/h) with coagulation. Results showed that at least 90% of C. parvum oocysts and microspheres were removed by filtration with an initial dosage of coagulant B (1.56 mg/L), D (1.9 mg/L or 305 g/m2), or F (1.56 mg/L) from each swimming ...
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Industrial Laundry-2
This facility washes shop towels, uniforms, and floor mats from a variety of industrial clients. The wastewater has heavy metals, hydrocarbons, and oil/greases. The staff has heavily modified the treatment system with mixing tanks and longer detention time for the chemicals to work. The treatment consisted of lime addition, calcium Chloride, an aluminum based coagulant, and an anionic flocculant. ...
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Comparison of anion exchange resins and aluminum-based coagulants for natural organic matter (NOM) removal and disinfection by-product (DBP) formation
Anion exchange resins (AERs) were compared with aluminum-based coagulants for reducing disinfection by-product (DBP) precursor concentrations from a source water collected in northeast Ohio, USA. Three AERs (IRA-910, IRA-958, and MIEX) were evaluated to determine which resin would remove the most natural organic matter (NOM) and moieties responsible for DBP formation. All the AERs were found to ...
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A pilot-scale study of Cryptosporidium-sized microsphere removals from swimming pools via sand filtration
Cryptosporidium species are the most common cause of gastrointestinal illness in treated recreational water venues. In order to protect public health during swimming, Cryptosporidium-sized microsphere removals by high-rate sand filtration with six coagulants were evaluated with a 5.5 m3 pilot-scale swimming pool. A sand filter without coagulation removed 20–63% of ...
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Rendering Facility Wastewater Treatment
Food Processing Wastewater Treatment Case Studies Animal & Grease Rendering Plant Wastewater Treatment Net savings of $21,400/month or $256,800 Annually This facility renders animals as a means to recover protein. The facility generates wastewater flow of 75,000 gal/day with high levels of BOD (10,000 ppm), TSS ...
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Pilot scale investigation of coagulation combined with ozonation and pH adjustment in treatment of NOM rich water
This paper presents the results of a pilot scale investigation of coagulation using aluminium based coagulants (polyaluminium chloride sulphate (PACL1) and polyaluminium chloride (PACL2)), combined with pre-ozonation and pH adjustment, on natural organic matter (NOM) removal from groundwater. Tests were conducted at a semi-industrial pilot plant, using groundwater with a high content of NOM ...
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Coagulation–flocculation for lignin removal from wastewater – a review
Industrial discharge has tremendously increased inorganic pollutants in water bodies all over the world. Paper and pulp effluent is included in one of the most pollution generating discharges containing complex chemical compounds such as lignin. For clean and healthy water resources, the recovery of lignin from wastewater from the paper and pulp industry is of high importance. Available ...
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Anion exchange pretreatment for the removal of natural organic matter from humic rich water
The treatment of humic rich water using anion exchange, coagulation and PAC-adsorption was studied, both independently and in sequence in that order. The commercial aluminium-based coagulant PAX-16, powdered activated carbon W35 and the magnetic ion exchange resin (MIEX®) were used in the study. The source of humic substances was natural water (25.0 g C/m3 as DOC) flowing out from the Great ...
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Sewage pre-concentration for maximum recovery and reuse at decentralized level
Pre-concentration of municipal wastewater by chemically enhanced primary treatment (CEPT) was studied under controlled laboratory conditions. Both iron and aluminium-based coagulants were examined at gradually increasing concentrations (0.23, 0.35, 0.70 and 1.05 mmol/L). The CEPT sludge generated from different coagulation experiments was digested in batch anaerobic reactors, while the ...
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Cake porosity analysis using 1D–3D fractal dimensions in coagulation–microfiltration of NOM
Fouling during coagulation–ceramic microfiltration of natural organic matter was investigated. Two process configurations (inline coagulation (IC) and tank coagulation (TC)) and two process conditions (types of coagulants–aluminum-based PAX and iron-based PIX–and G-values) were studied. The rate of irreversible fouling corresponding to the increase of initial transmembrane ...
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