antifouling Articles
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Development of antifouling ultrafiltration membranes by surface modification
Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membranes were prepared by phase inversion technique. The effects of polystyrene (PS) concentrations on the blend membrane performance were investigated. The membranes were characterised in terms of shrinkage ratio, pure water flux, and porosity. The hydrophobicity of the membrane was modified by poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) through adsorption and crosslinking. The ...
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PGCCA winners of Yore: Where are they now?
With the 20th Annual Presidential Green Chemistry Challenge Awards (PGCCA) ceremony drawing near, the Biobased and Renewable Products Advocacy Group's (BRAG®) Biobased News and Policy Report decided to go back and revisit some early winners to see what has become of the award-winning product or technology. We will be running a new story each week as we approach this year's awards ceremony, ...
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Synthesis and performance of antifouling and self-cleaning polyethersulfone/graphene oxide composite membrane functionalized with photoactive semiconductor catalyst
This study was performed to synthesize membranes of polyethersulfone (PES) blended with graphene oxide (GO) and PES blended with GO functionalized with photoactive semiconductor catalyst (TiO2 and ZnO). The antifouling and self-cleaning properties of composite membranes were also investigated. The GO was prepared from natural graphite powder by oxidation method at low temperature. TiO2 and ...
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Electrochemically synthesised polyaniline on marine grade aluminium
Polyaniline films were deposited on marine grade 5083 aluminium, and were examined and characterised with the use of cyclic voltammetry, UV–Vis spectroscopy and SEM imaging. The polyaniline films were electrochemically synthesised from 0.5 M oxalic acid solutions containing 0.1 M aniline, under potentiostatic control. The presence of polyaniline was clearly seen by the presence of two sets of ...
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High tributyltin and imposex levels in the commercial muricid Thais chocolata from two Peruvian harbor areas
The first appraisal of butyltin (BT) contamination linked with imposex incidence in Peruvian coastal areas was performed in the present study. Imposex occurrence and BT levels in female bodies were analyzed in the rock snail Thais chocolata distributed along 10 sites in areas under the influence of Callao and Chimbote Harbors. Imposex levels associated to high tributyltin (TBT) concentrations ...
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Imposex reduction and residual butyltin contamination in southern Brazilian harbors
The imposex incidence was appraised in South American gastropods, considering the scenario before and after the global ban of tributyltin (TBT). A statistically significant reduction in imposex indexes was observed in Stramonita haemastoma collected in 2006 and 2010 from areas under the influence of four coastal harbors from southern Brazil. This reduction may be because of the effectiveness of ...
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New approaches for monitoring the marine environment: the case of antifouling paints
Protection of ships hulls against biofouling has been a problem since man began sailing the seas. The most common protections are specially produced antifouling paints. These paints could be broadly classified in three main groups, or generations, depending on the technology applied: first generation copper-based, second generation organotin-based, and the new, third generation, organotin-free ...
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Mitigation of marine biofouling on tubes of open rack vaporizers using electromagnetic fields
This study quantitatively evaluates the antifouling action of the continuous physical treatment with electromagnetic fields (EMFs) of seawater used as heat exchanger fluid in an open rack vaporizer (ORV) pilot plant to reduce the growth of biofouling on external rib-tube surfaces. The results demonstrate that the biofilm adhered on the treated rib-tubes was reduced by 33% in thickness and by ...
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Preparation and characterization of fouling-resistant composite membranes based on layer-by-layer self-assembly technique
This paper introduces a versatile approach for surface modification of 621-terylene filtration fabric (FF) self-assembled by a dynamic layer-by-layer technique. The hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (HTAB) and cross-linked polyvinyl alcohol microspheres (PVA-MS) were alternatively deposited on support membrane under a pressure of 0.01 MPa to modify FF. Morphological changes and hydrophilicity ...
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Using
Nucella lapillus (L.) as a bioindicator of tributyltin (TBT) pollution in eastern Canada: a historical perspectiveDogwhelks (Nucella lapillus), a universal bioindicator of tributyltin (TBT) pollution, were used to determine butyltin distribution in three Atlantic Canada harbours previously surveyed between 1995 and 2006. N. lapillus were analysed for the presence of TBT and its degradative products while imposex incidence and severity were compared with previous surveys to assess the efficacy of the Canadian ...
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Organotin compounds in sediments of three coastal environments from the Patagonian shore, Argentina
One of the most toxic compounds that have been introduced into the marine environment is Tributyltin (TBT) used as a biocide in antifouling paints. The aim of this study was to obtain the first information of TBT pollution in sediments of three environments of the Argentinean coastline. Sediments from the Bahia Blanca estuary, San Antonio Bay and Ushuaia Bay were sampled to determine TBT and ...
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Persistent organic pollutants in coastal sediment off South China in relation to the importance of anthropogenic inputs
Surface sediments collected from the coastal region off South China were analyzed for persistent organic pollutants (POPs), including polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs). The concentrations of BDE‐209, Σ12PBDE, Σ15PAH, Σ7PAH, and Σ11OCP were 0.22 to 26.3, 0.01 to 0.77, 13.9 to 271, 6 to 133, and 0.9 to 104 ng/g, ...
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Tabas coal preparation plant wastewater treatment with membrane technology
The goal of the present work is the Tabas coal preparation plant wastewater treatment using membrane technology. Polyacrylonitrile membrane was prepared through phase inversion method and then developed by annealing process. Also, high fouling resistance membranes were prepared by the embedding of TiO2 nanoparticles using self-assembling and blending methods. The effect of immersion time and ...
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Controlling biofouling of reverse osmosis membranes through surface modification via grafting patterned polymer brushes
Thin film composite (TFC) polyamide membranes are extensively used as selective barriers in reverse osmosis processes. The major challenge faced with TFC membranes is significant fouling on the surface, which restricts the overall purification performance. To address the fouling problem, we developed novel fouling-resistant surface coatings via polyelectrolyte [poly(allylamine ...
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Toxic effects of environment‐friendly antifoulant nonivamide on Phaeodactylum tricornutum
Nonivamide, a synthetic derivate of natural capsaicin, has an effective antifouling (AF) activity. However, the poor understanding of the toxicity mechanism limits the application of nonivamide in AF paints. The present study investigated the inhibitory effects and toxicity mechanism of nonivamide on Phaeodactylum tricornutum (P. tricornutum). Under a 1.5 × 105 cells/ml of initial algal density ...
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Modeling Monomethylmercury and Tributyltin Speciation with EPA’s Geochemical Speciation Model MINTEQA2
Monomethylmercury (MMHg) is the compound responsible for the majority of fish consumption advisories in forty eight states in the United States of America. These widespread low level (but toxicologically significant) ecological exposures to MMHg result from microbial methylation of atmospherically deposited inorganic mercury in our national waterbodies. Tributyltin (TBT) is an industrially ...
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Antifouling System Reduces Algal and Biological Growth on the In-Situ TROLL 9500 Water Quality Instrument
Abstract New regulations regarding clean water have increased the need for long-term environmental monitoring. As water quality sensor technology improves and becomes more stable, the limiting factor in these projects becomes biological and non-biological fouling of instrumentation. Biofouling of environmental equipment increases site visits and maintenance, which elevate monitoring costs. In ...
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Surface modification of reverse osmosis membranes with zwitterionic polymer to reduce biofouling
The zwitterionic homopolymer poly[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl-dimethyl-(3-sulfopropyl) ammonium hydroxide was coated onto the surface of commercial polyamide reverse osmosis (RO) membranes. Aqueous solutions of the polymer at different concentrations were applied to modify the polyamide membranes through an in situ surface coating procedure. After membrane modification, cross-flow filtration ...
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Antifouling System Extends Instrument Deployment by Up to Six Weeks
ABSTRACT Cost reduction has become a primary focus for nearly every public and private research institution. The environmental monitoring industry has not been immune to the cost-cutting efforts and seeks innovative waysto help field monitoring professionals gain efficiency. This has led to the development of newtechnologiesthat extend deployment duration and minimize costly maintenance ...
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White Aluminium Composite Panels
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