aquatic toxicity test Articles
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A Brief Review and Critical Evaluation of the Status of Microbiotests
Abstract : A review is given on some of the current trends in the field of alternative, small-scale aquatic toxicity tests. Examples of recently developed microbiotests with bacteria, algae and invertebrates are used to illustrate potential applications and short-comings of some of these assays. The major drawback of the majority of new microbiotests is the lack of published data on various ...
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McCampbell Analytical, Inc - Case Study
Located in the San Francisco Bay Area, McCampbell Analytical, Inc. (MAI) offers a full range of environmental services including Wet Chemistry, Microbiological and Aquatic Toxicity testing as well as analytical testing services for drinking water, waste water, storm water, metals testing, soil testing, volatile organic compounds (VOC’s) testing, hazardous waste, and food analysis for a ...
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Relationships between exposure and dose in aquatic toxicity tests for organic chemicals
There is continuing debate about the merits of exposure‐based toxicity metrics such as median lethal concentration (LC50) versus organism‐based metrics such as Critical Body Residue (CBR) as indicators of chemical toxicity to aquatic organisms. To demonstrate relationships and differences between these two metrics we apply a simple one‐compartment toxicokinetic mass‐balance model for ...
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EPA Direct Final Rule Includes SNURs for Several Biobased Chemicals
On May 8, 2015, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) promulgated through a direct final rule significant new use rules (SNUR) for 25 chemical substances that were the subject of premanufacture notices (PMN). The SNURs require persons who intend to manufacture (including import) or process any of these 25 chemical substances for an activity that is designated in the SNUR as a ...
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Aquatic toxicity tests with substances that are poorly soluble in water and consequences for environmental risk assessment
Aquatic toxicity tests with substances that are poorly soluble in water have been conducted using different methods, and estimates of toxicity have varied accordingly. The present study illustrates differences in toxicity values resulting from variation in test designs and solution preparation methods, and offers guidance on the best way to conduct these tests. Consequences for environmental risk ...
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Alternative Assays for Routine Toxicity Assessments : a Review
Abstract : The number of available aquatic toxicity tests is large and increases every year. For certain types of applications such as the routine screening of large numbers of environmental samples, standard conventional tests may be perceived as being unpractical. This has lead to the development of a (increasing) number of alternative small-scale toxicity tests also called microbiotests. The ...
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Metal mixtures modeling evaluation: 1. Background
Despite more than five decades of aquatic toxicity tests conducted with metal mixtures, there is still a need to understand how metals interact in mixtures and to predict their toxicity more accurately than currently is done. This paper provides a background for understanding the terminology, regulatory framework, qualitative and quantitative concepts, experimental approaches, and ...
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Contrasting effects of chloride on growth, reproduction, and toxicant sensitivity in two genetically distinct strains of Hyalella azteca
The strain of Hyalella azteca (Saussure: Amphipoda) commonly used for aquatic toxicity testing in the US has been shown to perform poorly in some standardized reconstituted waters frequently used for other test species. In 10‐ and 42‐day experiments, we show that growth and reproduction of the US Lab strain of H. azteca varies strongly with chloride concentration in the test water, with ...
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A fluorescence based hydrolytic enzyme activity assay for quantifying toxic effects of Roundup® to Daphnia magna
Daphnia magna is a widely used model organism for aquatic toxicity testing. In the present study, we investigated the hydrolytic enzyme activity of D. magna after exposure to toxicant stress. In vivo enzyme activity was quantified using 15 fluorogenic enzyme probes based on 4‐methylumbelliferyl or 7‐amino‐4‐methylcoumarin. Probing D. magna enzyme activity was evaluated using short‐term ...
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Log yard water treatment study - Case Study
Stormwater run-off from log yards and saw mills has long been a difficult waste stream to manage. The challenge arises from ability of wood and bark to easily leach high levels of organics (tannins, lignins, phenolics and resin acids) into mobile water. These organics can remain in the suspended state for months and exhibit toxicity to aquatic life as organisms break them down leading to a ...
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Monitoring the aquatic toxicity of mosquito vector control spray pesticides to freshwater receiving waters
Pesticides are applied to state and local waterways in California to control insects such as mosquitoes, which are known to serve as a vector for West Nile Virus infection of humans. The California State Water Resources Control Board adopted a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System General Permit to address the discharge of pesticides to waters of the United States resulting from ...
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Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors and β‐blocker Transformation Products May Not Pose a Significant Risk of Toxicity to Aquatic Organisms in Wastewater Effluent‐Dominated Receiving Waters
A probabilistic ecological risk assessment was conducted for the transformation products (TPs) of three β‐blockers (atenolol, metoprolol, and propranolol) and five selective serotonin re‐uptake inhibitors (SSRIs; citalopram, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, paroxetine, and sertraline) to assess potential threats to aquatic organisms in effluent‐dominated surface waters. To this end, the ...
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A Comparison Of Standard Acute Toxicity Tests With Rapid-Screening Toxicity Tests
Abstract: This study compared the relative sensitivity of five inexpensive, rapid toxicity tests to the sensitivity of five standard aquatic acute toxicity tests through literature review and testing. The rapid toxicity tests utilized organisms that require little culturing or handling prior to testing : a freshwater rotifer (Brachnionus calyciflorus); brine shrimp (Artemia salina); lettuce ...
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Acute toxicity and genotoxicity of five selected anionic and nonionic surfactants
The results of four toxicity bioassays of selected anionic and nonionic surface active agents were presented. Three widely used anionic surfactants that belong to alkyl sulphates (AS), alkylbenzene sulphonates (LAS) and alkylpolyoxyethylene sulphates (AES) as well as nonionic surfactants: polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers (AE) and polyoxylethylene alkylphenyl ethers (APE) were tested. Three different ...
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Enzymatic inhibition-based electrochemical biosystems: general aspects and applications for the monitoring of aquatic ecosystems
The use of biosensor-based analytical methods, and specifically of the techniques based on 'inhibition' enzymatic amperometric electrodes, is gaining growing interest in the field of toxicity tests in environmental and food matrices. This contribution proposes the use of inhibition-based enzymatic bioelectrodes for the rapid determination of pesticides, herbicides and toxins in aquatic ...
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The Use of Daphnia magna Neonates hatched from Ephippia for Toxicity Testing
Abstract :The continuous increase in the number of new chemicals as well as the discharges of solid and liquid wastes potentially hazardous for the environment has in the past years triggered the need for simple and inexpensive bioassays for routine testing. AlthoughDaphnia magnais a key test species in aquatic toxicology, toxicity testing with this species implies continuous culturing of live ...
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A fugacity‐based toxicokinetic model for narcotic organic chemicals in fish
A novel dynamic fugacity‐based model is described, developed, and tested that simulates the uptake of narcotic organic chemicals in fish from water as occurs in aquatic bioconcentration and toxicity tests. The physiologically‐based toxicokinetic (PBTK) model treats the time‐course of chemical distribution in 4 compartments (tissue groups) in the fish including the liver in which ...
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Developing a national water quality criteria system in China
Water quality criteria (WQC) form a scientific basis for the development of water quality standards. The study of WQC in China has been insufficient. This mini review introduces the progress that has been made towards the establishment of a WQC system in China. A systematic WQC study has been ongoing in China for several years, mainly referring to the WQC system in the United States. Some ...
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Derivation of water quality guidelines for priority pharmaceuticals
Pharmaceuticals can enter freshwater and affect aquatic ecosystem health. Although toxicity tests have been carried out for the commonly used pharmaceuticals, evidence‐based water quality guidelines have not been derived. High reliability water quality guideline values (GVs) have been derived for four pharmaceuticals, carbamazepine, diclofenac, fluoxetine and propanolol in fresh waters using a ...
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Cyst-Based Toxicity Tests. - VI. The Potential of Ecotoxicological Tests for the Predicton of Acute Toxicity in Man as Evaluated on the First 10 Chemicals of the MEIC Programme
Abstract : In the framework of the multicentre evaluation ofin vitrocytotoxicology (MEIC) programme, the first ten chemicals of the prescribed list were tested for acute toxicity in four standardised cyst-based aquatic invertebrate tests, consisting of two rotifer species (the estuarineBrachionus plicatilisand the freshwaterBrachionus calyciflorus) and two crustacean species (the halophilic ...
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