basic sanitation Articles
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Basic sanitation and hygiene for all! Solutions for reaching the unreached
As the count down towards 2015 gathers momentum, there is a growing realization that progress in sanitation and hygiene has bypassed many millions, especially those who are already traditionally left out. The discussions around the targets for post-2015 and for the WWF have therefore emphasized the attainment of sanitation and hygiene for all. This implies that future interventions need to focus ...
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The MobiSan approach: informal settlements of Cape Town, South Africa
Pook se Bos informal settlement and the Cape Town Water & Sanitation Services Department are partnering on an urban sanitation project with a Dutch Consortium consisting of Lettinga Associates Foundation (LeAF), Landustrie Sneek and Vitens-Evides International. The aim of the project is to improve the basic sanitation services provided in informal settlements through the implementation of the ...
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Economic Aspects of Sanitation in Developing Countries
Background: Improved sanitation has been shown to have great impacts on people's health and economy. However, the progress of achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) on halving the proportion of people without access to clean water and basic sanitation by 2015 has thus far been delayed. One of the reasons for the slow progress is that policy makers, as well as the general public, ...
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Water and sanitation issues for persons with disabilities in low- and middle-income countries: a literature review and discussion of implications for global health and international development
The critical importance of unrestricted access to clean drinking water and basic sanitation for all is highlighted in Millennium Development Goal 7, which calls for the reduction by half of the proportion of people without such access by 2015. Unfortunately, little attention has been paid to the needs of such access for the one billion people living with a disability worldwide, despite the fact ...
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Learning from the MDGs: Improved sanitation and drainage in cities
The water MDG was widely acknowledged as the furthest from delivering against its objective, with criticism largely levelled at Target 7.C, which aimed to 'halve, by 2015, the proportion of the population without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation'. Across two issues of the journal, 22 papers tackle sanitation globally, alongside specific case studies and issues ...
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Decision-making criteria and indicators for water and sanitation projects in developing countries
Water and sanitation projects for solving the needs of small communities in developing countries are complex in nature and involve complex decision-making, which must consider technical, socio-economic and environmental dimensions. Multicriteria analysis (MCA) is a suitable decision-aid method that scores a finite number of options on the basis of a set of evaluation criteria. The main challenge ...
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Commentary on community-led total sanitation and human rights: should the right to community-wide health be won at the cost of individual rights?
The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) set out to halve the proportion of the population without access to basic sanitation between 1990 and 2015. The slow pace of progress has lead to a search for innovative responses, including social motivation approaches. One example of this type of approach is ‘Community-led Total Sanitation’ (CLTS). CLTS represents a major shift for ...
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Missing the Millennium Development Goal targets for water and sanitation in urban areas
"This paper reviews progress towards the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) for water and sanitation in urban areas. Drawing on UN data, it shows the disastrous performance of many low- and middle-income nations in relation to the goal of halving the proportion without drinking water sources piped on premises and improved sanitation between 1990 and 2015. It also describes how even such a poor ...
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Water Operator Partnerships: What are they?
Experienced water operators, donors, financiers and water authorities are challenged to assist the thousands of public water operators that are in urgent need of improving their services. Partnerships between operators present a way to improve and extend basic water and sanitation services to all consumers. A WOP is defined as any form of simple or structured ...
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Transforming potential conflict into cooperation potential: the role of international water law
International river basins cover more than half of the land’s surface. With nearly 300 major watercourses shared by two or more states and ever-increasing demand on the world’s diminishing water resources, there may be some justification in the assertion by certain commentators that “water wars” are imminent in the near future. The UN forecasts that more than half of the ...
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Solid waste management in Minas Gerais - Brazil (a system for developing countries)
Minas Gerais is located in the southwest of Brazil. It has 856 municipalities and a total population of 16,674,000 inhabitants. Belo Horizonte, the capital of the state, has 2,100,000 inhabitants with a standard of living similar to many other industrialised cities in the world. However, this condition is not found in the majority of the other municipalities of the state. In Minas Gerais, 82% of ...
By ORBIT e.V.
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Scenarios for environmental sanitation in Brazil
Public sector planning, especially in developing countries, is both a theoretical and methodological challenge that is particularly important with regard to the field of environmental sanitation. This field is dominated by a technical vision that often ignores the complexity of the real world and the human dimension influenced by its actions, as opposed to a strategic one. This paper discusses ...
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Safe greywater reuse to augment water supply and provide sanitation in semi-arid areas of rural India
Water reuse is recognized as a tool to increase water supply in peri-urban areas of semi-arid and arid regions of the world. However, it is an option rarely explored for rural areas in developing countries, and has not been documented extensively in the scientific literature. This paper presents results from 6 greywater reuse systems which were built with the objective to augment water supply and ...
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Innovative sanitation approaches could address multiple development challenges
Globally, more than 60% of the human population live without safely managed sanitation services or even lack access to basic sanitation facilities. In addition, most of the wastewater produced in the world is discharged without proper treatment. Integrated approaches are needed to address these issues and curb the resulting adverse impacts on public health and the environment, and associated ...
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SISAR: a sustainable management model for small rural decentralized water and wastewater systems in developing countries
Investments for basic rural sanitation programs should not only focus on the construction of new installations, but also on the necessity of implementing proper management models that guarantee the operational and financial sustainability of the investments. The integrated rural sanitation system (SISAR) is based on the idea of creating a confederation of local user groups which come together ...
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Heat Sanitization Basics
Even small numbers of bacteria are a problem for critical water systems like pharmaceutical USP water, dialysis water, and water for semiconductor manufacturing. Bacteria are often killed with UV-254, chemicals, and heat. Chemical sanitization is becoming undesirable or prohibited, creating a steady change-over to pure water systems that can be sanitized with heat. Most bacteria are killed at ...
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Compliant emissions monitoring for a foundry plant in Brazil - Case Study
Context The customer is a global company specialized in developing and manufacturing highly engineered structural cast iron components applied to complex metallurgical and geometrical components extensively used in capital goods. It develops solutions present in the diversified segments, such as freight transport (all modals), infrastructure, agriculture, power generation and many other ...
By ENVEA
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Why international aid for water, sanitation and hygiene is still a critical source of finance for many countries
This new WaterAid report, based on analysis by Development Initiatives, shows that for many low-income, Least Developed Countries and fragile states, international aid or ODA remains a vital resource for financing development. 2015 is a landmark year for the water, sanitation and hygiene sector. It brings to a close the Millennium Development Goals period, marked by its many successes but also ...
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Safer water, better health
Ensuring poor people’s access to safe drinking-water and adequate sanitation and encouraging personal, domestic and community hygiene will improve the quality of life of millions of individuals. Better managing water resources to reduce the transmission of vector-borne diseases (such as viral diseases carried by mosquitoes) and to make water bodies safe for recreational and other users can save ...
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An assessment of microbiological water quality of six water source categories in north-east Uganda
Target 7C of the Millennium Development Goals is to “halve, by 2015, the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation”. However, the corresponding indicator measures the “proportion of population using an improved drinking water source”. This raises the question of whether “safe” and “improved” can be used interchangeably. This paper tests this ...
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