biodegradation testing Articles
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Effect of test concentration in ready biodegradability test for chemical substances: Improvement of OECD test guideline 301C
In Japan, understanding the environmental persistence of chemicals is very important for risk assessment, and ready biodegradability tests are mainly conducted according to the Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development Test Guideline 301C (TG301C). However, the highest test concentration specified in TG301C, 100 mg/L, may cause microbial toxicity and incomplete biodegradation. We ...
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Biodegradation Tests for Wastewater Samples
Biodegradation Tests for Wastewater Samples Biodegradation tests usually involve comparison of the oxygen uptake of a test sample – or gas production for anoxic or anaerobic tests – to that for a readily biodegradable control substrate (usually acetic acid, ethanol, or aniline). While biodegradation characteristics can vary among chemical types and wastewater sources, typical patterns are shown ...
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Relationship between biodegradation and sorption of phthalate esters and their metabolites in natural sediments
Regulatory evaluations of commercial chemicals in Canada, the United States, the European Union, and other countries aim to identify biodegradation rates of chemicals in natural soils and sediments. However, commonly used biodegradation testing methods are limited in their capacity to determine biodegradation rates under natural environmental conditions. As a result, widely varying biodegradation ...
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Prediction of Biodegradability from Chemical Structure: Modeling of Ready Biodegradation test DNA
Biodegradation data were collected and evaluated for 894 substances with widely varying chemical structures. All data were determined according to the Japanese Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) I test protocol. The MITI I test is a screening test for ready biodegradability and has been described by Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) test guideline 301 C ...
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Anaerobic biodegradability of mixtures of pesticides in an expanded granular sludge bed reactor
The biodegradability and toxicity of three commercial pesticides containing 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA), imidacloprid and dimethoate were evaluated individually, and a complex mixture of these pesticides was treated in an expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor. MCPA was partially biodegraded, while imidacloprid and dimethoate remained almost unaltered during the individual ...
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Fate of bulk organic carbon and bromate during indirect water reuse involving ozone and subsequent aquifer recharge
Long-term column studies with ozonated secondary effluent were conducted to evaluate the removal of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and to assess formation and stability of the oxidation by-product bromate in combined ozonation and managed aquifer recharge (MAR) systems. DOC removal during simulated MAR was continuously increased from approximately 20 to 40% by pretreatment with ozone ...
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Comparison of biodegradation performance of OECD test guideline 301C with those of other ready biodegradability tests
The OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals lists seven types of tests for determining the biodegradability of chemical compounds (301A–F and 310). In this study, we compared the biodegradation performance of test guideline (TG) 301C, which is applied in Japan's Chemical Substances Control Law, with the performance of the other six RBTs listed in the guidelines. TG 301C specifies use of ...
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Organic waste biodegradability test bio methane potential method
Management Summary The biogas production from a mixture of food waste, garden waste, paper, napkins, plastic, metals and glass and anaerobically digested sludge was monitored until gas production had ceased. The homogenised biowaste mixture was subjected to two pre-treatment methods prior to being fed to the BMP reactors, these were: pasteurisation at 70oC followed by anaerobic digestion ...
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Biodegradable polyethylene
It is universally recognised that polyethylene (PE) is bio-inert. Indeed, conventional LDPE is used as a standard for bio-inertness in biodegradability/compostability test methods. It is not biodegradable because it is hydrophobic and because it consists of molecules having a high molar mass. Nevertheless it is a marvellous source of energy consisting entirely of the elements carbon and hydrogen ...
By ORBIT e.V.
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Evolution of the sewage treatment plant model SimpleTreat: Use of realistic biodegradability tests in probabilistic model simulations
Given the large number of chemicals under regulatory scrutiny, models play a crucial role in the screening phase of the environmental risk assessment. The sewage treatment plant (STP) model SimpleTreat 3.1 is routinely applied as part of the European Union System for the Evaluation of Substances to estimate the fate and elimination of organic chemicals discharged via the sewage. SimpleTreat ...
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Experiences with the OECD 308 transformation test: A human pharmaceutical perspective
The OECD 308 water‐sediment transformation test has been routinely conducted in Phase II Tier A testing of the environmental risk assessment (ERA) for all human pharmaceutical marketing authorization applications in Europe since finalization of Environmental Medicines Agency (EMA) ERA guidance in June 2006. In addition to the ‘Ready Biodegradation’ test, it is the only transformation test for ...
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Refinery Wastewater
A refinery was storing wastewater in several tanks and needed to meet the city discharge limits before they were allowed to dispose of the water. The problem was with soluble sulfides (1,000 ppm in the water) as the discharge was 0.5 ppm. Integrated Engineers was contacted to see if they could create a treatment process to reduce the sulfides to discharge limits. Several large water treatment ...
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Phytoestrogens in the environment: II. Microbiological degradation of phytoestrogens and the response of fathead minnows to degradate exposure
Phytoestrogens are endocrine active compounds derived from plants, including the isoflavones genistein and daidzein, and their methylated derivatives biochanin A and formononetin. These compounds have been detected at the µg/L level in the effluents of plant‐processing industries and municipal treatment plants, and at the ng/L level in surface water around the world. The persistence of ...
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Application of batch tests to assess antibiotic loads in anaerobic processes
The presence of antibiotics in drinking water and wastewater has not been widely studied because the sanitary engineering sector mainly focuses on the removal of organic matter and nutrients. There is a lack of environmental regulations for pollutants like antibiotics. Batch tests analyse biodegradability to measure the anaerobic degradation potential of the substrate, or they can be used as ...
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Fate of effluent organic matter during soil aquifer treatment: biodegradability, chlorine reactivity and genotoxicity
Hydrophobic acid (HPO-A) and transphilic acid (TPI-A) fractions of dissolved organic matter (DOM) were isolated from a domestic secondary wastewater effluent that was polished via soil aquifer treatment (SAT). Fractions were isolated using XAD resin adsorption chromatography from samples obtained along the vadose zone flowpath at a full-scale basin recharge facility in Tucson, Arizona. Changes in ...
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Anaerobic BMP and ATA Tests
Anaerobic BMP and ATA Tests Biochemical Methane Potential (BMP) tests involve addition of test chemicals or wastewater samples of concern to an anaerobic culture that is contained within a sealed vessel. Methane or total gas production are measured over periods ranging from 1 to 60 days without addition of new chemical or wastewater sample. Modern BMP tests usually involve multiple additions of ...
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Bioventing
Introduction Bioventing is a promising new technology that stimulates the natural in situ biodegradation of any aerobically degradable compounds in soil by providing oxygen to existing soil microorganisms. In contrast to soil vapor vacuum extraction, bioventing uses low air flow rates to provide only enough oxygen to sustain microbial activity. Oxygen is most commonly supplied through direct air ...
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Biodegradability Study on Filming Amines - FINEAMIN 06 - Case Study
Study conducted by Eurofins Ecotoxicologie France In a study conducted by Eurofins Ecotoxicologie France, FINEAMIN 06 has proved to be readily biodegradable, with a biodegradability rate of 90% after 28 days of test. To be considered as ready biodegradable, a product (mainly, a pure substance) must show a biodegradation rate of at least 70% in the 10-day interval which has to fall within the ...
By Fineamin SA
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Determination of biodegradation rates for surfactants and a fatty alcohol in aerobic sediment using a simplified test system
The development of specific regulatory persistence criteria and a growing need to conduct risk assessments in sediment has increased the need to better understand fate in this compartment. A simplified test approach was developed to assess the fate of chemicals in aerobic sediments and was used to evaluate the biodegradation of 14C‐labeled representative analogs of alcohol sulfate (AS), ...
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Particle removal in a novel sequential mechanical filter system loaded with blackwater
A novel sequential mechanical filter system was developed as an alternative primary treatment method for onsite wastewater treatment. The filter combines traditional screening with a novel type of counter-flow filter using wood-shavings as a biodegradable filter matrix. This study tested the system in a batch loading regime simulating high frequency toilet flushing using blackwater from a ...
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