biofilm layer Articles
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Fouling cake layer in a submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor treating saline wastewaters: curse or a blessing?
The treatment of inhibitory (saline) wastewaters is known to produce considerable amounts of soluble microbial products (SMPs), and this has been implicated in membrane fouling; the fate of these SMPs was of considerable interest in this work. This study also investigated the contribution of SMPs to membrane fouling of the; (a) cake layer/biofilm layer, (b) the compounds below the biofilm/cake ...
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Fouling with aerobic granule membrane bioreactor
Aerobic granulation (AG) and membrane bioreactor (MBR) are two promising, novel environmental biotechnological processes that draw interest of researchers working in the area of biological wastewater treatment. Membrane fouling in the combined aerobic granular membrane bioreactor (AGMBR) process and the conventional MBR process was investigated in this work. The irreversible fouling on ...
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Does your cooling tower have a biofouling problem?
What’s growing in your tower? It’s important to be able to identify microbial biofouling in the industrial cooling systems that you treat. We know that biofouling is a bad thing … reducing the heat transfer performance of a cooling system, as well as causing microbially induced corrosion, harboring pathogens, and accumulating scale deposits. All these problems can lead to ...
By AMSA, Inc.
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Irreversible fouling of membrane bioreactors due to formation of a non-biofilm gel layer
Extra-cellular polymeric substances (EPS), known to contribute to fouling in membrane bio-reactors (MBRs), are generally divided into bound and free EPS. The free EPS are able to form a gel layer on the membrane active surface. The mechanisms involved in formation of such layer and its effects on performance of the MBR membranes were studied. The free EPS, extracted by centrifugation and ...
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A new device to select carriers for biomass immobilization and application in an aerobic/anaerobic fixed-bed sequencing batch biofilm reactor for nitrogen removal
This study proposes a new approach to selecting a biofilm carrier for immobilization using dissolved oxygen (DO) microsensors to measure the thickness of aerobic and anaerobic layers in biofilm. The biofilm carriers tested were polyurethane foam, mineral coal (MC), basaltic gravel, and low-density polyethylene. Development of layers in the biofilm carrier surface was evaluated using a flow ...
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Microbial community structure of a slow sand filter schmutzdecke: a phylogenetic snapshot based on rRNA sequence analysis
Slow sand filters (SSF) are widely used to treat water for potable use. The process is dependent on the activities of complex microbial communities in the biofilm (schmutzdecke) layer. In this study, we generated a comprehensive view of three-domain microbiological complexity within a model SSF. DNA was analysed using a high-density microarray (PhyloChip) and rRNA library analysis. The Eukaryotic ...
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Chemical free, ultrasonic algae control
Among the numerous applications of ultrasound, the approach is used in the field of water treatment. In this scenario, forces other than cavitation forces are being used to achieve a certain goal. An example of such ultrasound systems which can be found on the market are the LG Sonic systems,which are manufactured to suppress algal growth and biofilm formation. The ultrasounds produced by using ...
By LG Sonic
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Reuse of treated wastewater using sequencing batch bioreactor for the improvement of wheat growth
Reclaimed wastewater reuse for irrigation to crop plants is evaluated in a laboratory-scale experiment to assess growth and water saving potential from natural resources. A prototype laboratory-scale treatment plant was established for this purpose with suspended and attached growth configurations. Chakwal wheat variety was selected to examine growth parameters. The removal of chemical oxygen ...
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Are Probiotics The Future Of Cleaning?
Given the choice between a cleaner that reduces germs by 86% and one that all but eliminates them at 99.9%, which one would you choose? If you’re like most people, the answer appears simple – get rid of as many germs as possible. But those nearly 100% effective cleaners aren’t necessarily the best choice. Why? Because they kill all germs, good and bad. Probiotics are friendly ...
By BetterAir
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Cleaning biofouled membranes early improves plant operation. Comparison of autopsy and cleaning results on a small BWRO and large SWRO
Abstract It is a fact that all new reverse osmosis membranes start to foul as soon as they start operation. The only variable is the rate at which they foul. Most RO plants operate at a differential pressure (ΔP) of 1.5 - 3 bar. Cleaning usually occurs when the ΔP is 10-15% above the design specification. This paper explores the benefits of early identification of foulants through ...
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Chlorine Production From Table Salt Systems Spreading Out in Drinking and Wastewater Treatment Plants
Chlorine is the most used and preferred type of disinfectant in drinking water and wastewater disinfection, and now it is much easier for businesses to produce their own chlorine on site. Chlorination has been the most widely used method for many years in the disinfection of high-volume water such as treatment plants, due to its residual and economical nature. The use of chlorine chemicals ...
By Kemisan
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Monitoring of CaSO4 deposition behaviors on biofilm during nanofiltration via ultrasonic time-domain reflectometry (UTDR)
The ultrasonic time-domain reflectometry (UTDR) as a non-destructive real-time method was employed to monitor the CaSO4 deposition behaviors on biofilm during nanofiltration (NF). Two parallel experiments were performed to compare the different behaviors of CaSO4 deposition with and without biofilm on the membrane. Results showed that the flux decline during combined fouling was slower than that ...
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Don`t fall foul of biofilm through high TEP levels
Biological fouling caused by the growth of biofilm on Reverse Osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) membranes can be amajor problem in desalination and water purification plants. Biofilm development lowers filtration efficiency and eventually the membranes must be replaced. Biofilm is usually made up of layers of assorted microbial populations, mostly bacteria,held together in a sticky matrix of ...
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Biological treatment of toluene contaminated wastewater by
Alcaligenese faecalis in an extractive membrane bioreactor; experiments and modelingConventional wastewater treatment methods are not efficient in treating wastewaters contaminated with volatile hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylenes (BTX). The aim of this study is to enhance the efficiency of an extractive membrane bioreactor (EMBR) in treating toluene contaminated wastewater by usage of pure culture of Alcaligenese faecalis. Toluene was used as a model of toxic ...
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Dissolved oxygen as a factor influencing nitrogen removal rates in a one-stage system with partial nitritation and Anammox process
A biofilm system with Kaldnes biofilm carrier was used in these studies to cultivate bacteria responsible for both partial nitritation and Anammox processes. Due to co-existence of oxygen and oxygen-free zones within the biofilm depth, both processes can occur in a single reactor. Oxygen that inhibits the Anammox process is consumed in the outer layer of the biofilm and in this way Anammox ...
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Organic matter removal from saline agricultural drainage wastewater using a moving bed biofilm reactor
We investigated the effect of salinity on the removal of organics and ammonium from agricultural drainage wastewater (ADW) using moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBRs). Under the typical salinity level of ADW (total dissolved solids (TDS) concentration up to 2.5 g·L−1), microorganisms were acclimated for 40 days on plastic carriers and a stable slime layer of attached biofilm was formed. Next, ...
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Nitrosomonas europaea biofilm formation is enhanced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. FEMS Microbiology Ecology
Abstract: Biofilms are useful in biotechnology applications such as wastewater treatment, where aggregation of cells on surfaces can increase retention of slow-growing organisms such as ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB). The formation and morphological development of polymicrobial biofilms including AOB are not thoroughly understood. Here, we investigated the formation of Nitrosomonas europaea AOB ...
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MYTH vs TRUTH: “If my disinfectant residual is always high enough, I don’t have to worry about microbes”
Monitoring disinfectant residuals (i.e. Free and Total Chlorine and/or Chloramine concentration) is one of the most essential practices in drinking water management programs. This ensures that sufficient protection is maintained at all points in the distribution system. The absence of a disinfectant residual means that suppression of microbiological growth is much more difficult and the rate of ...
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TEP and biofilm fouling on membranes
Summary Biological fouling on membranes is a major problem in desalination and water purification plants. Oceanographers and limnologists have found that most marine and fresh waters are full of microscopic Transparent Exopolymer Particles, otherwise known as TEP. In this article, aquatic microbiologist Tom Berman and Filtration Specialist Marina Holenberg (Amiad Filtration Systems, Amiad, ...
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Future-oriented further developments: wastewater heat utilization plants with a return on investment (ROI) of 2 - 6 years
Sewage is dirty and stinks. Out of sniffing distance – out of mind. Up until the 1980s sewage was taboo and not given the attention it deserves. One cold winter morning in 1988, 23 years ago, Urs Studer stopped beside a steaming manhole cover and wondered how such a source of heat could go untapped. Ever since he has been dedicating himself intensively to the recycling of sewage heat. At ...
By RABTHERM AG
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