biological oxygen demand Articles
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Treatment of polluted river water by a gravel contact oxidation system constructed under riverbed
The objective of this study was to evaluate the treatment efficiency of a gravel contact oxidation treatment system which was newly constructed under the riverbed of Nan-men Stream located at the Shin Chu City of Taiwan. The influent and effluent water samples were taken periodically for the analyses of pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, total suspended solids, five-day biological oxygen demand, ...
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Optimal waste load allocation using graph model for conflict resolution
In this paper, a new methodology is proposed for waste load allocation in river systems using the decision support system (DSS) for the graph model for conflict resolution II (GMCRII), multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) analysis and the Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO) algorithm. Minimization of total treatment and penalty costs and minimization of biological oxygen ...
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Controlling Parameters in Water Analysis
The COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) is one of most important parameters in water analysis. In Germany as in nearly all European countries tax for indirect discharges is based on the COD. Using the oxygen consumption is reasonable in the case of tax because the delay time of waste water in a treatment plant depends mainly on its biological activity. The oxygen consumption again is a degree of ...
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World emissions and economic growth: application of non-parametric methods
The Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesises an inverse U-shaped relationship between a measure of environmental pollution and per capita income levels. In this study, we apply non-parametric estimation of local polynomial regression (local quadratic fitting) to allow more flexibility in local estimation. This study uses a larger and globally representative sample of many local and global ...
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Activated sludge and chemical treatment process for Chemi-Thermo-Mechanical Pulping black liquors
Characterisation and treatment of the black liquor coming from Chemi-thermo-mechanical pulping (CTMP) of wheat straw was evaluated in this research. Toxicity of the liquor was evaluated and it was found high in Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) 0.45%, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 1.85%, dissolved solids 1.04%, suspended solids 0.33%, total sulphur contents 2.42% and silica contents 0.45%. Activated ...
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Study of physico-chemical quality of the industrial waste water effluent from Gove industrial area of Bhiwandi City of Maharashtra, India
This paper advocates water pollution study of Gove industrial area of Maharashtra, India with special reference to the physico-chemical characteristics of common industrial waste water effluent. The physico-chemical parameters like temperature, pH, solid content, total hardness, chloride content, dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were studied ...
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Non-linear modeling using fuzzy principal component regression for Vidyaranyapuram sewage treatment plant, Mysore – India
Fuzzy principal component regression (FPCR) is proposed to model the non-linear process of sewage treatment plant (STP) data matrix. The dimension reduction of voluminous data was done by principal component analysis (PCA). The PCA score values were partitioned by fuzzy-c-means (FCM) clustering, and a Takagi–Sugeno–Kang (TSK) fuzzy model was built based on the FCM functions. The ...
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Are people willing to pay for river water quality, contingent valuation
Now a day’s water pollution has caused incoveriences for people whom live near the Pavana river in Pune city, India. The river water quality has deteriorated by major water quality parameters like dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD) and phosphates level. In present study it is tried to find people’s willingness to pay (WTP) for improvement of river water quality. Contingent ...
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Removal of Congo red from textile wastewater by ozonation
Congo red, which has a complex molecular structure with various diazo aromatic groups, is widely used in textile industry as an anionic dye. The purpose of this study was to investigate the degradation of Congo red in laboratory solution which had the chemical properties of the rinse waters of textile manufacturing dye-houses and the samples with Congo red alone wastewater by ozonation and to ...
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The application of duckweed (Lemna sp.) in wastewater treatment in Jordan
A flowering plant called duckweed (Lemna sp.) has been used to upgrade the quality of wastewater at Khirbet As-Samra wastewater treatment plant, which is the largest in Jordan. It was originally designed to receive 68,000 m?/day but it is currently receiving 160,000 m³/day. Laboratory experiments showed that the average percentage removal efficiency of Total Coliform (TC) was 68%, Faecal Coliform ...
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Malt house wastewater treatment with settleable algal-bacterial flocs
This paper deals with biological treatment of malt house wastewater using algal-bacterial flocs. During three months of testing, optimisation of growth conditions and biomass separation leads to maximisation of biomass production, improved flocs settleability and increased pollutant removal efficiency while maintaining low energy demand. At a high food to microorganism ratio (0.16 to 0.29 kg ...
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Characterisation of septage in partially sealed cesspit
The alteration of wastewater from an individual home under anaerobic conditions in a partially sealed cesspit over the filling period of four months, and the pollution fluxes were assessed. The septage was much more concentrated than raw wastewater. A mass balance found percentage (%) removal rates for biological oxygen demand (BOD5, 78%), chemical oxygen demand (COD, 62%), total nitrogen ...
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Modeling of wastewater quality in an urban area during festival and rainy days
Water pollution during festival periods is a major problem in all festival cities across the world. Reliable prediction of water pollution is essential in festival cities for sewer and wastewater management in order to ensure public health and a clean environment. This article aims to model the biological oxygen demand (BOD5), and total suspended solids (TSS) parameters in wastewater in the ...
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Advanced algae technology: The use of Ultra sonic technology for control of algae growth in an open balance tank
Abstract One of the many challenges faced by Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) is the control of algae blooms. High algae concentrations create problems for process performance and increase operating expenditure for cleaning and maintenance activities. Algae blooms can contribute to fooling of filtration equipment aa well as foaming events on clarifiers and settling tanks. High parameter ...
By LG Sonic
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Applications of ozone for modern wastewater treatment
Modern Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) efficiently eliminate organic pollution down to Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Suspended Solids (SS) values of less than 30 mg/l. However, these treated effluents still contain biologically Persistent Organic Matter (POM), characterised by a Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) of between 50 and more than 100 mg/l. Industrial WWTP effluents have COD ...
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Material flow analysis of pollutants in Taiwan
We present a material flow analysis (MFA) of biological oxygen demand (BOD5) and suspended solids (SS) in estuaries located on the northern and southern coasts of Taiwan. Using data from 1992–2000, we examine human economic activities in each watershed to predict associated pollutant flows. This estimate is compared to data collected at monitoring stations. The ratio allows us to calculate each ...
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Assessment of River Water Quality in Northwestern Greece
The effect of land use patterns on river water quality was studied in three different river basins located in Epirus, Northwestern Greece. Studies were conducted from October 2000 to {September} 2001. During this period, the parameters chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), NO2–, NO3–, NH4+ and PO43– were measured, employing standard methods of analysis. The results were ...
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A preliminary study on the environmental condition of the coral reef habitat
The present investigation was carried in coral reef areas of Palk Bay, Madapam. Palk Bay corals were found disturbed by human beings due to oil pollution, waste discharge from processing units and discharge of domestic household wastes from the nearby Mandapam town. Environmental conditions of the coral reef habitat in the Palk Bay, Mandapam was analyzed for a period of six months at fortnightly ...
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NPDES Effluent Guidelines: A Guide to pH
In the United States, before wastewater can be discharged into a lake or river, it is mandatory to meet the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) effluent guidelines. These parameters – pH (potential hydrogen), TSS (total suspended solids) and BOD (biological oxygen demand) – can be lowered by controlling algal growth. This blog is the first is a three-part series to ...
By LG Sonic
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Emphasis Shifting to Toxicity Reduction
Untitled Document Under the Clean Water Act (CWA), the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) established the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permitting program as a means of controlling the discharge of wastewater to national surface water supplies. The NPDES program is used within the CWA to help prevent the discharge of "toxic ...
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