brominated flame retardant Articles
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Determination of brominated flame retardants in Jukskei River catchment area in Gauteng, South Africa
Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are considered to be environmental pollutants due to their toxicity, persistence and ubiquity in the environment. Little information is known about the presence of brominated flame retardants in South Africa's water systems. Therefore, this study examined and compared different extraction methods (liquid–liquid (LL) vs. solid phase (SP) for water, Soxhlet ...
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Analysis of PBDEs in Sediment Using GC-MS/MS
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are brominated flame retardants (BFRs) widely used in plastics. Due to their toxicity and persistence, their industrial production is to be eliminated under the Stockholm Convention. Contamination from PBDEs is widespread in the environment, including in sediments. In order to determine PBDEs in sediments, they need to be separated from a large amount of ...
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Biotransformation of the flame retardant tetrabromobisphenol‐A (TBBPA) by freshwater microalgae
Tetrabromobisphenol‐A (TBBPA) is the most widely used brominated flame retardant. However, little is known about its biotransformation by algae in aquatic environments. We investigated transformations of TBBPA by six freshwater green microalgae and identified its transformation products. The transformation experiments were conducted under axenic conditions in laboratory for 10 days. The ...
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Extraction of brominated flame retardants
Customer: CEFAS, location; Lowestoft, East Anglia, UK CEFAS - Ihe Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science - makes an important contribution to securing healthy and sustainable marine and freshwater environments so that current and future generations can prosper. As the UK's most diverse applied marine science centre, they help to shape and implement policy through their ...
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Mechanochemical conversion of brominated POPs into useful oxybromides: a greener approach
Several brominated flame retardants (BFRs) have been found to have adverse effect on human health and the environment and classified as persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Mechanochemical destruction is a promising technology for the safe disposal of POPs because it can achieve their complete carbonization by solvent-free high energy ball milling at room temperature, thus preventing ...
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Effects of benthos, temperature, and dose on the fate of hexabromocyclododecane in experimental coastal ecosystems
The authors studied the fate of the brominated flame retardant hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD) added in a particulate suspension to experimental ecosystems assembled from brackish (Baltic Sea) coastal bays. Two experiments examined how benthic macrofauna (over 21 d) and increased temperature (14 d) affected HBCDD concentrations and fractionation of α, β, and γ diastereomers in the water, ...
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Developmental neurotoxicity of organophosphate flame retardants in early life stages of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes)
As brominated flame retardants are being banned or phased out worldwide, organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) have been used as alternatives on a large scale and have thus become ubiquitous environmental contaminants; this raises great concerns about their environmental health risk and toxicity. Considering that previous research has identified the nervous system as a sensitive target, ...
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Effect of reduced food intake on toxicokinetics of halogenated organic contaminants in herring gull (Larus argentatus) chicks
The aim of the present study was to investigate how contaminant exposure and reduced food intake affect tissue distribution and biotransformation of halogenated organic contaminants (HOCs) in Arctic seabirds using herring gull (Larus argentatus) as a model species. Herring gull chicks were exposed for 44 d to cod liver oil containing a typical mixture of contaminants. Following exposure, food ...
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Bioaccumulation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers, decabromodiphenyl ethane, and 1,2‐bis(2,4,6‐tribromophenoxy) ethane flame retardants in kingfishers (Alcedo atthis) from an electronic waste–recycling site in South China
Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) including polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE), and 1,2‐bis(2,4,6‐tribromophenoxy) ethane (BTBPE), were investigated in common kingfishers (Alcedo atthis) and their prey fish from an electronic waste–recycling site in south China. Elevated BFR residues were detected in the kingfishers, with median concentrations of 8,760, 12, ...
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Screening of organic contaminants in urban snow
Snowmelt is known to cause peak concentrations of pollutants, which may adversely affect receiving water quality. High concentrations of metals and suspended solids in snow have been reported, whereas studies on organic pollutants are rare. This study aims at investigating the occurrence of anthropogenic organic compounds in urban snow in Gothenburg (Sweden). The most frequently detected organic ...
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Policy by analogy: precautionary principle, science and polybrominated diphenyl ethers
Through the acquisition of scientific data, knowledge is gained about the environmental fate and human exposure of chemical substances. From this knowledge, the risk of using chemicals can be assessed. As a means of facilitating the regulatory process, risk assessments can also compare the substance under investigation to other substances that display similar behaviour or structure, especially ...
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Improved derivatization protocol for simultaneous determination of alkylphenol ethoxylates and brominated flame retardants followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses
An improved derivatization protocol for the simultaneous determination of alkylphenol ethoxylates and brominated flame retardants with heptafluorobutyric anhydride under triethylamine amine base was investigated. The derivatization reaction was completed in 30 min at 50 °C using hexane as solvent. Under these conditions, it was observed that alkylphenol ethoxylates and ...
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Playing Dirty: Analysis of hazardous chemicals and materials in games consoles
The use of hazardous chemicals and materials in electronic products is widespread. Despite some recent improvements – a result of a combination of legal restrictions in some parts of the world, and voluntary action by companies – many devices still contain a variety of hazardous substances. These include chemicals which fall outside current legislative controls, as highlighted in recent studies ...
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Air‐plant exchange of brominated flame retardants at a rural site: Influencing factor, interspecies difference, and forest scavenging
Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) in eucalyptus leaves and pine needles from a rural site in southern China were measured to investigate the air‐plant exchange. The mean concentrations of BFRs were higher in pine needles (79.8 ng/g dry weight) than in eucalyptus leaves (74.5 ng/g), whereas an inverse result were found for the leaf surface particles (LSPs), with mean concentrations of 3490 and ...
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Environmental fate of three novel brominated flame retardants in aquatic mesocosms
Currently, little is known about the environmental fate and persistence of novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs). The recent detection of NBFRs in sediment cores and air samples provides insight into their persistence and potential for transport. Limited numbers of laboratory studies have examined the fate and behavior of these compounds, but field‐based fate studies have been especially ...
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Exposure to the androgenic brominated flame retardant, 1,2‐dibromo‐4‐(1,2‐dibromoethyl)‐cyclohexane (DBE‐DBCH) alters reproductive and aggressive behaviors in birds
1,2‐Dibromo‐4‐(1,2‐dibromoethyl)cyclohexane (DBE‐DBCH; CAS 3322‐93‐8) is a bioaccumulative isomer of a current‐use brominated flame retardant that has been detected in environmental samples. All 4 structural isomers are androgen agonists, however little toxicological information exists for this compound. The objective of this study was to determine if β‐DBE‐DBCH, the isomer found most ...
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Report: Recycling of flame-retarded plastics from waste electric and electronic equipment (WEEE)
Shredder residues produced in plants processing waste electric and electronic equipment are excluded from material recycling due to a variety of polymeric materials and the presence of brominated flame retardants (BFR), which might contain banned polybrominated diphenyl ethers or toxic polybrominated dioxins and furans (PBDD/F). Herein we present a technological approach to transfer a significant ...
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Chesapeake Bay fish‐osprey (Pandion haliaetus) food chain: Evaluation of contaminant exposure and genetic damage
From 2011−2013, a large‐scale ecotoxicological study was conducted in several Chesapeake Bay tributaries (Susquehanna River and flats, the Back, Baltimore Harbor/Patapsco River, Anacostia/ middle Potomac, Elizabeth and James Rivers), and Poplar Island as a mid‐Bay reference site. Osprey (Pandion haliaetus) diet and the transfer of contaminants from fish to osprey eggs were evaluated. The most ...
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Using the kingfisher (Alcedo atthis) as a bioindicator of PCBs and PBDEs in the dinghushan biosphere reserve, China
The Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve is a nature reserve and a site for the study of tropical and subtropical forest ecosystems. Rapid industrialization and intensive electronic waste‐recycling activities around the biosphere reserve have resulted in elevated levels of industrial organic contaminants in the local environment that may cause adverse effects on wildlife that inhabits this area. In ...
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FILM RELEASE: New Story of Stuff Project movie demands a ‘Green Moore’s Law’ in the Electronics Industry
Why “Designed for the Dump” is Toxic for People and the Planet SAN FRANCISCO, CA – At midnight Pacific on November 9th, The Story of Stuff Project will release The Story of Electronics, an 8-minute animated movie, at www.storyofelectronics.org. Hosted by Annie Leonard, the creator of the hit viral video The Story of Stuff, the film takes on the electronics industry’s ...
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