cadmium exposure Articles

With increasing application and commercial production, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) will inevitably be released into aquatic environments and affect the transport and toxicity of toxic metals in ecosystems. The present study examined how CNTs affected the biokinetics and toxicity of a toxic metal, cadmium (Cd), in the freshwater zooplankton Daphnia magna. The authors quantified the dissolved uptake ...

Oct. 14, 2015

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The study was designed to determine asymptomatic lead poisoning prevalence and cadmium exposure of preschool children living in a coal-mining area in Yataan, Mugla, Turkey. The research was conducted between May and June 2002. The study included 236 children (53.4% female and 46.6% male) who were identified among the healthy children between the ages of 6 months and 6 years, using a systematic ...

Dec. 31, 2005

By SAGE Publications

Quantum dots (QDs) have strong adsorption capacity; therefore, their potential toxicity to aquatic organisms from the facilitated transport of other trace toxic pollutants when they coexist,has received increasing interest. However, the impact of cadmium selenium (CdSe) QDs and copper ion (Cu2+) joint exposure on zebrafish embryo and larvae remains almost unknown. Therefore, the present study was ...

Jun. 19, 2012

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Predicting metal availability and toxicity for chronic (several hours or days) metal exposure scenarios, even for unicellular algae, is a major challenge to existing toxicity models. This is because several factors affecting metal uptake/toxicity, such as the release of metalbinding exudates, changes in the kinetics of metal uptake/toxicity over time and algal physiological acclimation to ...

Feb. 6, 2015

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Metal ecotoxicity to soil organisms, for example, in enchytraeids (also known as potworms), has been addressed mainly by assessing effects on survival and reproduction, but very little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms of responses. The main purpose of the present study was to assess and compare the transcriptional responses of Enchytraeus albidus to an essential (Zn) and a ...

Jul. 21, 2012

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Co‐occurrence of pesticides such as synthetic pyrethroids (SPs) and metals in aquatic ecosystems raises concerns over their combined ecological effects. Cypermethrin (CP), one of the top five SPs in use, has been extensively detected in surface water. Cadmium (Cd) has been recognized as one of the most toxic metals and is a common contaminant in the aquatic system. However, little information ...

Aug. 12, 2015

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Chronic toxicity of cadmium, copper, lead, or zinc to White Sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) and Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was evaluated in water‐only exposures started with newly hatched larvae or about 1‐month‐old juveniles. The 20% effect concentration (EC20) for cadmium from the sturgeon tests was higher than the EC20 from the trout tests, whereas the EC20 for copper, lead, or ...

May 25, 2014

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

A new chapter in one of the longest-running sagas in EU environmental policy opened in August when the European Commission launched a consultation on a 15-year programme to reduce the cadmium content of phosphate fertilisers. The idea of limiting the cadmium content of phosphate fertilisers appeared in a Commission strategy on cadmium in 1987. The concern underlying the strategy was the need to ...

Dec. 31, 2002

By Environmental News and Data Services (ENDS)

The toxic effects of cadmium (Cd) on the green alga Chlorella vulgaris were investigated by following the response to Cd of various toxicity endpoints (cell growth, cell size, photochemical efficiency of PSII in the light or ФPSII, maximal photochemical efficiency or Fv/Fm, chlorophyll a fluorescence, esterase activity and cell viability). These toxicity endpoints were studied in laboratory ...

Aug. 20, 2013

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

In 1986, California voters approved an initiative to address increasing concerns about exposure to toxic chemicals. That initiative, the Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986, is better known by its original name of Proposition 65.  Proposition 65 requires businesses to notify Californians about significant amounts of chemicals in the products they purchase, in their homes or ...

Jul. 5, 2011

By EMSL Analytical, Inc.

Abstract Cadmium is today regarded as the most serious contaminant of the modern age. It is absorbed by many plants and seacreatures and, because of its toxicity, presents a major problem for foodstuffs. Contamination through fertilisers becomes an increasing problem. Unlike lead, cadmium contamination cannot be removed from plants by washing them; it is distributed throughout the organism. It ...

Jan. 1, 2008

By Valahia University

In this research the effects of various physicochemical factors on Cd2+ biosorption such as initial metal concentration, pH and contact exposure time were studied. This study has shown a Cd2+ biosorption, equilibrium time of about 5 min for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the adsorption equilibrium data were well described by Langmuir equation. The maximum capacity for ...

Feb. 18, 2016

By IWA Publishing

Cadmium (Cd) may pose risks to freshwater organisms, including crabs that live at the interface of sediments and water column all year round. One of the major changes that occur during oocyte maturation of crabs is the production of vitellin (Vn). In the present study, we investigated the effects of Cd on oocyte size, Vn level, and vitellogenin (Vg) mRNA expression in the ovary of the ...

Feb. 26, 2015

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Abstract  The joint toxicity of combined metals and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons is poorly understood and may deviate from the summed concentration responses of the individual pollutants. The freshwater amphipod Hyalella az-teca was exposed to sediment-amended Cd and phenanthrene (Phen) individually and in combination using United States Environmental Protection Agency 10-day sediment ...

Nov. 17, 2005

By Springer

To assess the combined toxic effects of atrazine and cadmium on earthworms, specimens of Eisenia fetida were exposed in artificial soil to three concentrations of atrazine (0, 0.5, and 2.5 mg kg−1) and a range of concentrations of cadmium (Cd; 0, 0.03, 0.3, and 3.0 mg kg−1) both singly and as mixtures. The DNA damage and internal atrazine and cadmium concentrations were assessed in earthworms on ...

May 30, 2012

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Heavy metals in the aquatic environment pose high ecotoxicological risk to fish. Cadmium is one of the most abundant pollutants in freshwater bodies in Argentina. An evaluation was performed of the responses of several exposure biomarkers of juvenile Cyprinus carpio exposed during five days to sublethal cadmium (0.5 mgL−1) and cyclophosphamide (5 mgL−1). The assessment involved evaluating the ...

Sep. 20, 2009

By Inderscience Publishers

To improve our understanding of metal bioavailability to soil‐living invertebrates, the effect of porewater composition on the toxicodynamics of copper and cadmium in Folsomia candida (Collembola) was investigated. Assuming that pore water is the main exposure route, F. candida was exposed to simulated soil solutions of different composition. Toxicity of copper was slightly lower in a calcium ...

Aug. 16, 2013

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The acute and subacute toxicities of Cd to earthworm Eisenia fetida (E.fetida) in the presence and absence of glyphosate (GPS) were studied. Cd is highly toxic to E. fetida, while the presence of GPS markedly reduced the acute toxicity of Cd to earthworm, as both the mortality rate of the earthworms and the accumulation of Cd decreased with the increase of GPS/Cd molar ratio. The subcellular ...

Jul. 14, 2014

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Heavy metals can be considered as a unique class of environmental toxicant. They occur and persist in nature and most of them are advantageous to humans because of their vast usages in different industries, agriculture, and medicine. However, they may pose health hazards to the public because of their presence in air, water food chains as well as to the workers engaged in mining, smelting, alloy, ...

Nov. 29, 2005

By University of Tehran

This study aimed to identify urine metabolites in women exposed to high cadmium levels. 21 women exposed to environmental Cd and 12 age‐matched controls were categorized as high (Urine Cd ≥ 15 µg/g creatinine [Cr]) (n = 9) or low (15 µg/g Cr > UCd > 5 µg/g Cr) (n = 12) exposure. Low molecular weight metabolites in urine were analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry after ...

Oct. 8, 2015

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.