chemical dispersion modeling Articles
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Characterising uncertainty in plume dispersion models
For management decisions related to effects of releases of toxic chemicals, it is useful to consider not only the expected or most likely impact of the release, but also the envelope of possible outcomes, the latter of which involves an assessment of the uncertainty in the modelling results. In this paper, we provide quantitative estimates of major sources of uncertainty in plume dispersion ...
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Source apportionment technique: inorganic aerosol transformation processes in the Milan area
The CAMx chemical and transport Eulerian model has been applied over a domain focused on the Milan area (Northern Italy) for the whole 2004, on the basis of CityDelta III project input data set. Model results have been analysed by mean of the Source Apportionment technique at the Milan receptor. A quantitative analysis of the main processes governing the Secondary Inorganic Aerosols (SIAs) ...
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Combined use of space–borne observations of NO2 and regional CTM model for air quality monitoring in Northern Italy
In this paper SCIAMACHY observations of earth radiance are used to retrieve nitrogen dioxide (NO2) tropospheric column by DOAS spectrometric technique and radiative transfer modelling for AMF computation. These satellite column measurements are then merged with TCAM model simulations, to improve the model output at the ground level. The method used is a weighted rescaling of the model column in ...
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A Lagrangian dispersion model with chemical reactions
A Lagrangian stochastic (single particle) model is modified in order to account for simple chemistry reactions and tested against measured wind tunnel data. These data refers to a reactive plume generated by a single point source of NO inside a turbulent grid flow doped with ozone. The comparisons were made at different distances from the emission considering all the substances involved in the ...
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Large–eddy simulation of reactive pollutant dispersion for the spatial instability of photostationary state over idealised 2D urban street canyons
Dispersion of chemically reactive pollutants in the urban canopy layer (UCL) over twelve idealised two–dimensional (2D) street canyons of unity aspect ratio in isothermal conditions is examined. The reversible NOx–O3 mechanism is integrated into a large–eddy simulation (LES) model. The ground–level NO emission in the first street canyon and the background O3 in the prevailing wind initiate the ...
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Annual simulation of secondary pollution over northern Italy
A secondary pollution modelling system for simulating airborne dispersion and chemical reactions is applied over a regional scale domain located in the North-West of Italy, where urban and industrial areas are present. It was found an overestimation of NO2 in the urban areas, probably due to an underestimation of the vertical diffusivity; the analysis of OX confirms that the discrepancies in O3 ...
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Assessing meteorological uncertainties in dispersion forecasts using a NWP Ensemble Prediction System
The use of ensembles of meteorological forecasts is explored in the context of dispersion modelling for emergency-response applications such as nuclear accidents or chemical releases. Specification of meteorology is often a major source of uncertainty in dispersion predictions. The ensemble methodology, routinely used in Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP), is followed in which multiple ...
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An Expert System for Source-Term Analysis and Accidental Release Modeling
Title III of the Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) of 1990 requires establishing regulations to prevent the accidental release and to minimize the consequence of any such release of chemicals listed under 40 CFR Part 68. There is a need for a systematic approach for applying mathematical models to estimate the impact from the large number of potential release scenarios associated with these ...
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Effects of chemical dispersant and seasonal conditions on the fate of spilled oil – modelling of a hypothetical spill near Saint John, NB
The proposed Energy East pipeline project has raised concerns about potential oil spills in Saint John, New Brunswick. While environmental conditions could pose challenges for using mechanical recovery methods if a spill occurs, chemical dispersant could be an alternative. However, the application of chemical dispersant in shallow water and costal zones remains an issue of debate. ...
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Developing a Risk Management Program for a Flexible Polyurethane Foam Manufacturing Facility
ABSTRACT The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) Risk Management Program (RMP) regulations, require facilities to develop a formal Risk Management Program (RMProgram) and to register and submit a Risk Management Plan (RMPlan). Regulated facilities must implement a RMProgram and submit a RMPlan before 21 June 1999. The RMP regulations will require most Flexible Polyurethane Foam ...
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A fluctuating plume model for pollutants dispersion with chemical reactions
A fluctuating plume model for pollutant dispersion is developed. The model is able to include chemical reactions, accounting for segregation. The model is tested against measured data in wind tunnel experiment, where NO is emitted from a source in an environment of ozone. The results are presented in terms of the plume centre line dispersion and cross sections at different distances. It is shown ...
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`Applying Proper Dispersion Models for Industrial Accidental Releases,` presented at the 2004 AWMA annual conference
Abstract Even though many industrial facilities have put extra efforts to prevent accidental releases of active and inactive chemicals from processes or storage, accidental releases do happen from time to time due to many reasons. Federal and state regulations require industrial facilities to evaluate and report the impacts of potential accidental releases in terms of distances to toxic endpoint ...
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Applying Proper Dispersion Models for Industrial Accidental Releases
Even though many industrial facilities have put extra efforts to prevent accidental releases of active and inactive chemicals from processes or storage, accidental releases do happen from time to time due to many reasons. Federal and state regulations require industrial facilities to evaluate and report the impacts of potential accidental releases in terms of distances to toxic endpoint ...
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Applying Proper Dispersion Models for Industrial Accidental Releases
Even though many industrial facilities have put extra efforts to prevent accidental releases of active and inactive chemicals from processes or storage, accidental releases do happen from time to time due to many reasons. Federal and state regulations require industrial facilities to evaluate and report the impacts of potential accidental releases in terms of distances to toxic endpoint ...
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Toxicity of crude oil chemically dispersed in a wave tank to embryos of Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus)
Tests of crude oil toxicity to fish are often chronic, exposing embryos from fertilization to hatch to oil solutions prepared using standard mixing procedures. However, during oil spills, fish are not often exposed for long periods and the dynamic nature of the ocean is not easily replicated in the lab. Our objective was to determine if brief exposures of Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) ...
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CFD modelling for atmospheric pollutants/aerosols studies within the complex terrains of urban areas and industrial sites
Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) modelling of pollution dispersion and chemical conversion to aerosol particles in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) has been studied. The investigation focused on the numerical modelling above complex orographic terrains of urban areas and industrial sites including the dispersion of toxic substances in the air as a result of accidents. A finite-rate model of ...
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Multicomponent activated sludge model for reactors in series with recycling
Multicomponent models containing both substrate and biomass have an advantage over conventional models in seeking better understanding of activated sludge systems. Such models are also useful in the characterisation of wastewater. Studies in recent years have shown that most of the soluble organic matter in the effluent of treatment systems consists of soluble microbial products that arise during ...
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Chemical reactions at street scale using a Lagrangian particle dispersion model
In the context of the FEDER AIRCITY project, Paris City is modelled with a 3 m resolution with the purpose of computing pollutant concentration relevant for human exposition. This project involves AIRPARIF (Ile-de-France Air Quality Monitoring Network), for emission and immission data, CEA (French Atomic and Alternative Energy Agency) for HPC availability, National Geographic Institute (IGN) for ...
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