chlorinator Articles
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An Observational Study on the Effectiveness of Point-Of-Use Chlorination
Although the efficacy of chlorine disinfection under controlled laboratory conditions is well known, the effectiveness of chlorine under field point-of-use (POU) conditions is still not clearly understood and may be impacted by a variety of factors. This study evaluated the effectiveness of POU chlorine disinfection in rural Ecuador under typical use conditions and compared this effectiveness ...
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The effect of sodium azide concentration on the recovery of enterococci from water
The ability of Slanetz and Bartley medium to recover chlorine-stressed enterococci has been studied. Results showed that chlorine injury significantly affected the ability of Slanetz and Bartley medium to recover enterococci while lower concentrations of sodium azide in the same basal medium allowed their recovery. However, reducing the concentration of sodium azide considerably reduced the ...
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Chlorination
Chlorination is the process of adding compounds containing the element chlorine, generally in oxidation state (0) or (I), to water as a method of water purification to make it fit for human consumption as drinking water. Water which has been treated with chlorine is effective in preventing the spread of water born disease. This process can be undertaken using gaseous chlorine, sodium ...
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Chlorination
Chlorination is the process of adding compounds containing the element chlorine, generally in oxidation state (0) or (I), to water as a method of water purification to make it fit for human consumption as drinking water. Water which has been treated with chlorine is effective in preventing the spread of water born disease. This process can be undertaken using gaseous chlorine, sodium ...
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Polychlorinated biphenyl congener distributions in burbot: Evidence for a latitude effect
We compared the distributions of the congeners of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) detected in whole‐body samples of burbot (Lota lota) from Great Slave Lake and Lake Erie. Total PCB concentrations in Great Slave Lake burbot were about 1/60 of the concentrations in Lake Erie burbot. Burbot from Great Slave Lake contained a higher proportion of lower‐chlorinated (2‐6 chlorines) congeners than ...
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Simultaneous reduction of by-products of chlorine dioxide and chlorine using Fe(II)–Al(III) coagulant mixture
Ferrous iron has been considered very useful for removal of chlorite, a by-product of chlorine dioxide. However, a serious problem can occur associated with high residual iron concentrations in water after Fe(II) treatment, especially at weak acidic condition (pH 6), having a higher capacity of chlorite reduction. Simultaneous removal of chlorite, dissolved iron, and humic acids was achieved with ...
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EPA's Action Plans Signal a New Chapter for TSCA While Informing the Future Legislative Debate on Chemicals
Late last December, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Administrator Lisa P. Jackson announced action plans on phthalates, long-chain chlorinated paraffins (LCCPs), and short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs). The four action plans are the first of many, as EPA intends to issue eight more or so in 2010. This EPA initiative announces actions that are almost breathtaking in scope, and its ...
By Acta Group
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Case study - Floating covers reduce TSS, improve chlorine disinfection
Problem: Algae and ultraviolet (UV) rays were adversely affecting chlorination in an upstate New York reservoir and Southern Florida WWTF. Algae was shielding embedded bacteria from chlorine, making the bacteriacide ineffective, thus requiring the chlorine dosage to be increased. Algae increased the chlorine demand along with exposure to UV which dissipates un-stabilized chlorine. Both algae and ...
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Chemscan mini analyzers monitor sulfite and chlorine levels - Case Study
Problem: The wastewater plants in Clarkson and Guelph, Ontario use chlorine for disinfection but have severe limits on the concentration of chlorine residual that can be discharged. The receiving stream has limited capacity and is populated by aquatic life sensitive to chlorine. The usual approach to this problem is to feed sulfite in sufficient concentration to de-chlorinate the effluent. ...
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Fluorescence characteristics of natural organic matter in water under sequential exposure to UV irradiation/chlor(am)ination
The organic matter in International Humic Substances Society Natural Organic Matter (IHSS NOM) water exposed to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and chlor(am)ine sequentially under practically relevant conditions was characterized based on fluorescence spectra. IHSS NOM water exposed to UV irradiation or chlor(am)ine alone was also evaluated. Both chlor(am)ine alone and UV/chlor(am)ine exposure ...
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Investigation of associations between chemical element contents in native lichens and childhood leukaemia
After a study in which the harmful atmospheric chemical elements (As, Hg, Ni, Pb) were investigated as leukaemia inducers, we have extended this work to 22 chemical elements using data from a lichen survey held in 1993 in Continental Portugal and childhood leukaemia death counts in 275 counties for the period 1991?1998. Kriging models were used to estimate lichen biomonitoring measurements at the ...
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Bien Hoa, Vietnam - Case Study
In a project commissioned by the Global Environmental Facility and the United Nations Development Programme, EDL carried out a full-scale soil decontamination demonstration at a former US airbase in Vietnam. The trial successfully treated 150 tonnes of soil contaminated with Poly-Chlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins and Dioxin-like Poly-Chlorinated Biphenyls; which are known to be amongst the most ...
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The effect of chlorine and combined chlorine/UV treatment on coliphages in drinking water disinfection
Chlorine disinfection is a globally used method to ensure the safety of drinking water. However, it has not always been successful against viruses and, therefore, it is important to find new methods to disinfect water. Seventeen different coliphages were isolated from the treated municipal wastewater. These coliphages and MS2 were treated with different dosages of chlorine in drinking water, ...
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Chlorinated solvents
The initial PSG survey identified TCE source areas that did not agree with the GPR survey findings. Based on these results, a subsequent PSG survey was performed to further characterize the site and better define the source areas identified in the initial survey. Analytical results were provided to the client within four (4) days of receipt of samples at the laboratory for both surveys. The ...
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The Wonders of Ammonia & Chlorine
The two most common chemicals found in your home, office and commercial facilities in one form or another are Ammonia (NH3) and Chlorine (Cl2). They are also two of the oldest and most widely produced chemicals in commercial use around the world. Ammonia, a refrigerant by “nature” Refrigeration by mechanical means goes back to the 1800s and ammonia was among the earliest chemicals to ...
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A new approach for evaluating the infectivity of noncultivatable enteric viruses without cell culture
This study developed a novel approach for evaluating the infectivity of enteric viruses without cell culture. Cumulative carbonyl groups on the viral capsid protein were labeled using biotin hydrazide, and the biotinylated virions were separated using a spin column filled with avidin-immobilized gel. Rotavirus was treated with free chlorine at an initial concentration of 0.3 mg/L for 3 min, and ...
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Using RuO2 anode for chlorine dioxide production in an un-divided electrochemical cell
Chlorine dioxide is a well known powerful disinfectant. Although there are several chemical and electrochemical methods developed for on-line chlorine dioxide generation, the details are mostly confined as patents. We studied in this work the electrochemical generation of dissolved chlorine dioxide from an un-buffered solution of sodium chlorite and sodium chloride mixture in an un-divided ...
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Dr. Leo Lehmicke, a nationally recognized microbiologist in the area of bioremediation, has joined Hargis + Associates, Inc.
Dr. Leo Lehmicke, a nationally recognized microbiologist in the area of bioremediation, has joined Hargis + Associates, Inc. His specific area of expertise is natural attenuation and enhanced bioremediation of chlorinated solvents. He helped develop and was an instructor for a course on Natural Attenuation of Chlorinated Solvents that was given to EPA and State regulators around the country. Dr. ...
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Chlorination by-products of fenitrothion
The mutagens produced through chemical reaction between chlorine and the insecticide fenitrothion were studied by using a quadrupole GC-MS. The mutagenicity and the mutagen formation potential (MFP) of the identified by-products were evaluated by the Ames assay (preincubation method) using Salmonella typhimurium TA100 without exogenous activation by S9 mix (TA100-S9). Before conducting GC/MS ...
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Mechanisms of Contaminant Removal under Very Low Redox Induced by EHC
Battelle's Fifth International Conference on Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds,Monterey, CA May 21-26, ...
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