chlorine dosing Articles
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Factors affecting trihalomethane formation and speciation during chlorination of reclaimed water
A hybrid process with membrane bioreactor (MBR) and powdered activated carbon (PAC), PAC/MBR, was used for real municipal wastewater treatment and reuse. The roles of chlorine dose, contact time, pH and bromide in trihalomethane (THM) formation and speciation during chlorination of the reclaimed water were investigated. Total trihalomethane (TTHM) yield exponentially increased to maximum with ...
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Effect of wastewater chlorination on endocrine disruptor removal
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are compounds of mainly anthropogenic origin that interfere with the endocrine system of animals and humans thus causing a series of disorders. Wastewater treatment plants are one of the major routes for transporting such chemicals to the water courses. In the context of this study, several chlorination batch tests were performed in order to assess the ...
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Factors affecting formation of haloacetonitriles and haloketones during chlorination/monochloramination of Jinlan Reservoir water
Formations of haloacetonitriles (HANs) and haloketones (HKs) from chlorination and chloramination from Jinlan Reservoir water under different treatment conditions were investigated in this study. Results showed that monochloramine rather than chlorine produced significant lower concentrations of HANs and HKs. In chlorination, the formation of HANs and HKs increased with the reaction time and ...
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Impact of mixing phenomenon at cross junctions on the variation of total coliform and E. coli in water distribution systems: experimental study
This study investigates factors that influence the growth and diffusion of microorganism especially total coliform and Escherichia coli (E. coli) in water distribution networks. The experiments were carried out in a laboratory distribution network where different flow directions at junctions, varying inlet flow rates, initial chlorine doses and natural organic matter were studied. Depending ...
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Cleaning Reservoir Data to Understand Water Age
Cleaned historical reservoir data tells a story about water age, which impacts on water quality. Excessive water ageing is likely to lead to a reduction in residual chlorine concentration, and potentially poor disinfection for communities. Reservoirs can experience considerable differences in winter and summer water age especially where there is high summer tourism. Cleaning and organising ...
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An Observational Study on the Effectiveness of Point-Of-Use Chlorination
Although the efficacy of chlorine disinfection under controlled laboratory conditions is well known, the effectiveness of chlorine under field point-of-use (POU) conditions is still not clearly understood and may be impacted by a variety of factors. This study evaluated the effectiveness of POU chlorine disinfection in rural Ecuador under typical use conditions and compared this effectiveness ...
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Organophosphate Pesticide Degradation Under Drinking Water Treatment Conditions
Chlorpyrifos (CP) was used as a model compound to develop experimental methods and prototype modeling tools to forecast the fate of organophosphate (OP) pesticides under drinking water treatment conditions. CP was found to rapidly oxidize to chlorpyrifos oxon (CPO) in the presence of free chlorine. The primary oxidant is hypochlorous acid (HOCl); thus, oxidation is more rapid at lower pH (i.e., ...
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Oxidized fulvic acid adsorption on activated carbon
This study evaluates and compares the parameters of equilibrium adsorption from aqueous solutions of river fulvic acids (FA) and peat fulvic acids. Compared to peat FA, the river FA had lower biodegradable dissolved organic carbon (BDOC). We observed a tendency for correlation between change of Gibbs free energy of adsorption and BDOC value. A chlorination dose of 1.4 mg L−1 did not ...
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Purpose: To determine the ability of the Hanovia UVP 61 water disinfection system to
Disinfection of public swimming pools and water amenities is essential to maintain safe and attractive bathing conditions. The challenge today is to provide water conditions free of irritants and after effects and smell. Customers expect clear, odour free, high quality water. Chlorine disinfection is the most common means of providing such protection. However, chlorine chemistry is complex and ...
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Formation potential of trihalomethanes (THMs) in blended water treated with chlorine
This study was conducted in the laboratory to assess the formation potential of trihalomethanes (THMs) in blended water under various treatment conditions. Three batches of water samples prepared by mixing desalinated (product) water and ground brackish water with three different proportions (i.e. 1:2, 1:5 and 1:10 – brackish:product water) were treated with three concentration levels of calcium ...
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Roughing filtration as an effective pre-treatment system for high turbidity water
Effective water treatment is the prime goal of every water treatment facility. Chakwal Water Treatment Plant in Pakistan has been treating high-turbidity surface water through crude coagulation, sedimentation and slow sand filtration since the early 1980s. The process has always been tedious in terms of high coagulant dosage, large volumes of sludge and short filter runs especially after wet ...
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A case study for upgrading existing carousel process to achieve low effluent phosphorus discharges
In this study, Al–Qateef wastewater treatment plant was selected as a case representing the upgrade of carrousel technology with tertiary treatment. This technology is applied in many cities in the Eastern province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The use of chemical treatment alternative for phosphorous removal was evaluated versus the newly implemented tertiary treatment unit. The study showed that ...
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The effect of sodium thiosulfate dechlorination on fecal indicator bacteria enumeration: laboratory and field data
In microbiological water quality testing, sample dechlorination with sodium thiosulfate is recommended to ensure that results accurately reflect the water quality at sample collection. Nevertheless, monitoring institutions in low-resource settings do not always dechlorinate samples, and there is limited research describing how this practice impacts drinking water quality results. The effect ...
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Kwinana Power Plant - optimizing chlorination procedure
INTRODUCTION In 2006, Verve Energy had, through the asset management department of Kwinana Power Station, contracted a consultancy company for advice on their antifouling methodology for its cooling water system. This has been done by optimizing its chlorination procedure by means of implementation of the Pulse-Chlorination® principle. Onset for the project was the commissioning of station ...
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Development of a portable filter for arsenic removal from drinking water
In the present study, different grades of indigenously available activated alumina (AA) were screened for their arsenic removal capacity. For both As(III) and As(V), A1 (Grade 1, 0.3-0.6 mm) activated alumina has shown better removal efficiency. The optimum pH for the adsorption phenomena was around 7.0. Chlorine at a dose of 20 mg/l could completely oxidize As(III) to As(V), which also assured ...
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Kinetic modelling approach as a decision support tool for chloraminated distribution systems
Disinfection and distribution system management of chloraminated systems can be a challenging task for water operators due to the complexity of chloramine chemistry. Formation of chloramines and maintenance of a suitable disinfection environment requires careful control of several operational parameters at the plant and at different locations along the distribution system. A mathematical model ...
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UV Experience for Inactivating Cryptosporidium in Surface Water Plants
The disinfection of pathogenic microbes in drinking water has been largely successful over the last century due to the use of chlorination. However, research conducted in the 1970's revealed that by-products formed during the chlorination process are potentially carcinogenic and that there is a direct correlation between the concentration of chlorination by-products and the probability of certain ...
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Al Khafji SWRO plant - Case study
Project FactsAdvanced Water Technology (AWT) build the Al Khafji Seawater Reverse Osmosis SWRO Desalination Plant, which is the world's first large-scale solar-powered desalination plant. It is located in Al Khafji to the north-eastern part of Saudi Arabia near the Kuwait border. The desalination plant was completed by late 2017. It will supply 60,000m³ of desalinated seawater a day to the city ...
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Pumping wells & sewage lines case study
Dorset Council - Bioremediation of Sewerage System The Dorset Municipality situated in the North East of Tasmania covers an area of 3196 km2. It comprises 14 townships, 10 water schemes and reticulated sewerage schemes for its two largest townships, Scottsdale and Bridport. Their populations are 1922 and 1234 respectively. Bridport’s population increases to approximately 6000 over the ...
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UNIPER Maasvlakte power plants - Case study
Project FactsThe UNIPER power plant, Maasvlakte (MPP3) is located adjacent to Rotterdam harbour on the North Sea coast and has a capacity of 1100 MW netto. The Power Plant utilises seawater for cooling of the condenser during the energy-generating process. The seawater is extracted from the Europahaven and discharges the warmed seawater into an exhaust basin that flows out through the joint ...
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