chromatography Articles
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Opt for the easy way: Determining glycerol in biodiesel using ion chromatography
Current US and European standards stipulate gas chromatography to determine the glycerol content in biodiesel. However, this method is both tedious and rather expensive. Metrohm recommends ion chromatography (IC) as a simple, cost-efficient and highly accurate ...
By Metrohm AG
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Reducing Product Manufacturing Costs Through the Use of a Simple and Flexible Moving Bed Process
Untitled Document Traditionally, the chemical engineer can rely on chemical separation methods such as distillation, crystallization, extraction, and adsorption. This paper presents a process technology for continuous separations based on ion exchange, adsorption/desorption, and chromatography. Key advantages and demonstrated process examples are included. Calgon Carbon ...
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Elution behaviour of low molecular weight compounds in size exclusion chromatography
Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) in combination with continuous organic carbon detection (OCD) is a powerful analytical technique that enables characterization of dissolved organic water constituents. Low molecular weight organic water constituents are ubiquitous but their behaviour in SEC analyses is not yet fully clarified. Therefore, we analysed a number of low molecular weight organic ...
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Fouling potentials of polysaccharides in membrane bioreactors (MBRs) assessed by lectin affinity chromatography
In this study, the fouling potentials of polysaccharides contained in mixed liquor suspension in a membrane bioreactor (MBR) treating municipal wastewater were investigated using lectin affinity chromatography. This investigation was carried out with different membranes to assess the effects of membrane materials on fouling potentials of polysaccharides. In lectin affinity chromatography, some ...
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Purge & Trap Volatiles:Adsorbent Choices, Trap Selection, Fast GC, and Troubleshooting
The use of purge & trap in combination with gas chromatography is a widely used analytic technique for the analyses of volatiles. Information will be presented to allow purge & trap analysts to gain knowledge concerning this technique. Topics include a discussion of adsorbent advantages and drawbacks, considerations for the selection of the proper purge trap for several applications, the ...
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Separation and identification of organic compounds from thermally dissolved Shengli lignite in a methanol/benzene mixed solvent
Thermal dissolution of Shengli lignite was conducted in a methanol/benzene mixed solvent at 240°C for 1 h. The soluble fraction was sequentially eluted with petroleum ether (PE) and carbon disulfide (CDS)/PE mixed solvents with increased CDS to PE ratio through a silica gel–packed column. A series of normal alkanes, polycyclic aromatics, methyl alkanoates, alkanoic acids, and fatty acid amides ...
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Chromatography in Sugar Processing
Untitled Document Chromatography is a new process to most sugar technologists, yet it is fast becoming a tool of significance for recovering sucrose and other value by-products. The CSEP® chromatographic separator, one of the most modern SMB industrial concepts, is uniquely flexible and adaptable to all the challenges in the growing use of chromatography for ...
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Loading capacity of silica flash cartridges
FlashPure Cartridges Optimizing flash chromatography requires finding the ideal cartridge and conditions for a given sample. As the goal is to prepare the largest possible amount of pure sample in the shortest possible time and with a minimum use of solvent, it is crucial to know how high loadings affect the separation for different cartridges. Unlike analytical chromatography, preparative ...
By BUCHI
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High Resolution Detailed Hydrocarbon Analyses by Capillary Column Gas Chromatography
In the petrochemical industry, samples such as petroleum naphthas and gasolines routinely must be quantitatively separated into their individual components. Because these petroleum-derived samples consist of hundreds of compounds, petroleum analysts require chromatography columns that offer high resolution. We have developed polar and nonpolar capillary gas chromatography columns to provide the ...
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Activated sludge behaviour in a batch reactor in the presence of antibiotics: study of extracellular polymeric substances
The influence of Erythromycin,Roxithromycin,Amoxicillin, Tetracycline and Sulfamethoxazole on municipal sludge in batch reactors was investigated. The study was focused on extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) as indicator of bacteria sensitivity to toxic agents. The EPS were analysed by UV-Vis and FT-IR spectroscopies and by size exclusion chromatography. It was found that Erythromycin and ...
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Rapid HPLC Analysis of PAH Compounds, Using Porous 3µm Particles
Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a severe environmental hazard with a variety of sources. Airborne particles, combustion products, and fossil fuels all contain these toxic aromatic substances. Analysis by gas chromatography (GC) has been problematic because GC phases do not meet the need for shape selectivity in separating PAHs. Conversely, high-density C18 octadecylsilane (ODS) ...
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SLB-IL111 for Petroleum Applications
Gas chromatography (GC) is commonly employed for many applications in the petroleum industry. Two specific applications, the determination of benzene and other aromatics in gasoline, and the fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profile of B20 biodiesel, present special challenges and require the use of a highly polar column. The SLB™-IL111 column utilizes a stationary phase with extreme polarity ...
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Ozone degradation of chloramphenicol: efficacy, products and toxicity
The present work investigated the ozonation of chloramphenicol (CAP). Aqueous CAP was effectively removed by ozonation. The reaction intermediates or products were identified by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and ion chromatography. A possible degradation scheme was proposed based on the detected products. The change of antibiotic activity and acute toxicity of reaction mixtures was ...
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Peptide Separation by CPC Case studies
Preface Centrifugal Partition Chromatography is a liquid-liquid preparative chromatography technique, which efficiently and economically separates compounds without necessitating solid bulk material. In this method, the stationary phase is liquid and is immobilized by a strong centrifugal force. Separation is based on the partition coefficient differential of the compounds of interest and ...
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Three-dimensional excitation emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy and gel-permeating chromatography to characterize extracellular polymeric substances in aerobic granulation
Three-dimensional excitation emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy and gel-permeating chromatography (GPC) were employed to characterize the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in aerobic granulation. EPS matrix in this study was stratified into four fractions: (1) supernatant, (2) slime, (3) loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS), and (4) tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS). The results showed that ...
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Purification of natural products - Case Study
“Due to its versatility, the PrepChrom C-700 is a valuable instrument in our natural product isolation based research group, where preparative techniques such as column chromatography, flash chromatography and preparative HPLC are used on a daily basis.” Customer name Prof. Dr. Timo Niedermeyer Company / Institution University of Tübingen, Germany Product lines Preparative ...
By BUCHI
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Affinity Chromatography for Recombinant Protein Purification
Scientists continuously face pressure to purify biologics with maximum yield while minimizing cost and developing processes as quickly as possible. Downstream processing (DSP) often accounts for more than half the cost of goods overall and significantly impacts manufacturing timelines. Affinity Chromatography for recombinant protein purification manages to achieve high purity and yield as ...
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Gas chromatography - What are Columns?
Liquid and gas chromatography instruments wouldn't work without columns. Both liquid and gas chromatography analyze samples by separating them into their individual chemical components. A column, a long tube lined with specialized chemicals, is required for this process as it forms part of the instrument which performs the separation. When a sample makes its way through the tube, certain ...
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Characterization of dissolved organic matter from Australian and Chinese source waters by combined fractionation techniques
The character of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in source waters from two countries (Australia and China) was investigated using an extended fractionation technique by combining resin adsorption, ultrafiltration and high performance size exclusion chromatography. There are distinctive chemical characteristics associated with DOM origins. Australian sourced DOM had higher hydrophobic acid (HoA) ...
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Determining saccharidic tracers in atmospheric aerosols
Atmosperic aerosols have a strong impact on the climate. Within the organic aerosol fraction, anhydrosugars and sugar alcohols are valuable tracers for biomass burning and biogenic sources. They are best determined by ion chromatography coupled to pulsed amperometric detection. Sample preparation merely involves a simple waterextraction. Detection limits are in the ng/m3 ...
By Metrohm AG
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