coagulant testing Articles
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Evaluation of virus recovery methods and efficiency of tannin-derived coagulants in removing total coliforms, E. coli and enteric viruses in effluents of a domestic sewage treatment plant
In the present study, nine coagulants having potential to be used for sewage treatment were compared to assess their efficiency in removing total coliform bacteria, Escherichia coli and adenovirus. The coagulants tested were metallic and organic and their efficiency was compared when treating samples of raw and treated sewage (activated sludge). Before the efficiency tests of the coagulants, ...
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Zirconium and chitosan coagulants for drinking water treatment – a pilot study
Scientists continuously search for alternative coagulants that would be able to outperform traditionally used aluminium (Al) and iron (Fe). Use of a novel metal coagulant zirconium (Zr) has been associated with enhanced organic matter reduction. On the other hand, eco-friendly non-metal solutions, such as chitosan, can provide non-toxic sludge and water with no metal residue. In fact, Zr and ...
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Verification of automatic coagulant dosage control technology based on aluminum concentration at a water purification plant
An automatic coagulant dosage control technology for water purification plants was developed to deal with rapid changes of feed water quality. Control logic was developed to decide coagulant dosage based on aluminum concentration in the mixing tanks. A coagulant-sedimentation process apparatus was installed in December 2010 in a water purification plant, and the coagulant dosage control test ...
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Optimizing the coagulation process in a drinking water treatment plant – comparison between traditional and statistical experimental design jar tests
In this study of coagulation operation, a comparison was made between the optimum jar test values for pH, coagulant and coagulant aid obtained from traditional methods (an adjusted one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) method) and with central composite design (the standard design of response surface methodology (RSM)). Alum (coagulant) and polymer (coagulant aid) were used to treat a water source with ...
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Arsenic removal by ferric-chloride coagulation – effect of phosphate, bicarbonate and silicate
Jar tests with synthetic water were carried out in order to investigate the effect of phosphate, bicarbonate and silicate on arsenic removal efficiency by in-situ formed ferric hydroxide. Above 12 mg C/L inorganic carbon concentration, the adverse effect of bicarbonate was definite, and resulted in higher remaining arsenic concentration. At all pH values (7.5–7.8) and coagulant dosages (0.84–3.00 ...
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Screening of coagulant proteins from plant material in southern India
Access to fresh water is limited due to the growing population and to provide safe drinking water is a global challenge. In this initial study, about a hundred different samples were screened for coagulation activity. Amongst the plants tested were fruits and vegetable pulps, leaves and seeds (like jackfruit, tamarind, papaya, orange, watermelon, pineapple, cucumber, green gram, peas, black ...
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Removal of DOC and its fractions from surface waters of the Canadian Prairie containing high levels of DOC and hardness
In this paper removal of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and its fractions by chemical coagulation was studied. Raw water was collected from the Red River (Manitoba, Canada). This source water has a DOC concentration ranging from 8 to 12 mg L−1 and total hardness of about 400 mg L−1 CaCO3, which represents a typical surface water quality of the Canadian Prairie. Four coagulants ...
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Effectiveness of priority PAH removal in a water coagulation process
The paper presents results of research on the removal of priority hazardous polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (anthracene, benzo[a]pyrene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo[g,h,i]perylene, indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene) from water in the coagulation and sedimentation process. Coagulants chosen for the analysis were aluminum(VI)sulfate and two pre-hydrolyzed coagulants – ...
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A pilot-scale study of Cryptosporidium-sized microsphere removals from swimming pools via sand filtration
Cryptosporidium species are the most common cause of gastrointestinal illness in treated recreational water venues. In order to protect public health during swimming, Cryptosporidium-sized microsphere removals by high-rate sand filtration with six coagulants were evaluated with a 5.5 m3 pilot-scale swimming pool. A sand filter without coagulation removed 20–63% of ...
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Effectiveness of coagulants and coagulant aids for the removal of filter-clogging Synedra
The occurrence of Synedra spp. in the source water of the CheongJu water treatment plant (South Korea) decreased filter run times of rapid sand filters to below 5 hours. During the filter-clogging episode, full-scale Synedra removal by coagulation with polyaluminium hydrogen chloride silicate (PAHCS), flocculation and sedimentation ranged from 20 to 70%. To reduce filter clogging, strategies ...
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Conditions for the Precipitation of Heavy Metals from Wastewater by the Lime Sulfurated Solution (Calcium Polysulfide) Process
A new chemical precipitation process utilizing CaSx solution as a single coagulant was tested for the removal of heavy metals from a batch stirred vessel. The precipitation of heavy metals from the simulated wastewater was investigated under varing conditions of pH, temperature, and heavy metal concentrations. Several agitating speeds were studied for the gases (atmospheric air and C02 gas) blown ...
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Removal of phosphorus and residual aluminium with the simultaneous use of chitosan and alum on the effluent of an MBBR biological system during start–up
Physico–chemical treatment with aluminium salts is a common practice to remove total phosphorus (TP) from wastewaters. However, the use of alum can increase the residual aluminium concentration both in the effluent and biosolids. Chitosan, an alternative coagulant, does not allow for the removal of TP below the requirement level when lower than the soluble phosphorus fraction of the water. Hence, ...
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Application of ferrates for Arsenic removal from groundwater
Ferrates are a general name for compounds of iron in a high oxidation state - Fe(IV), Fe(V) and Fe(VI), which show highly oxidizing effects and form non-toxic ferrous oxides and oxohydroxides that can act as coagulants. Laboratory tests have confirmed an interesting application potential for these compounds in the area of water treatment technologies. In 2014 an affordable technology for ...
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Effectiveness of coagulants and coagulant aids for the removal of filter-clogging Synedra
ABSTRACTThe occurrence of Synedra spp. in the source water of the CheongJu water treatment plant (South Korea) decreased filter run times of rapid sand filters to below 5 hours. During the filter-clogging episode, full-scale Synedra removal by coagulation with polyaluminium hydrogen chloride silicate (PAHCS), flocculation and sedimentation ranged from 20 to 70%. To reduce filter clogging, ...
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Conventional clarification, role of coagulants & residual test methods.
Disclaimers: – Links to third party websites in this post are not to be considered as Flowlink's endorsement of their products. Turbidity reduction is often necessary to provide water suitable for discharge to the environment or a municipal sewer system. Conventional clarification is the most commonly used process for turbidity reduction. Conventional clarification consists of ...
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The effectiveness of humic acid coagulation with the use of cationic polyacrylamides
The chemical coagulation process is a popular method for eliminating the precursors of disinfection by-products. This study presents the results of a laboratory experiment which investigates the use of cationic polyacrylamide copolymers (CPAMs) as primary coagulants in the purification of solutions containing humic acids (HA). A number of polymers with various molecular weight and charge density ...
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The effectiveness of humic acids coagulation with the use of cationic polyacrylamides
The chemical coagulation process is a popular method for eliminating the precursors of disinfection by-products. This study presents the results of a laboratory experiment which investigates the use of cationic polyacrylamide copolymers (CPAMs) as primary coagulants in the purification of solutions containing humic acids (HA). A number of polymers with various molecular weight and charge density ...
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Auxipó as auxiliary agent of coagulation for pulp and paper industry wastewater
The aim of this paper is to prove the applicability of Auxipó as an auxiliary agent of coagulation for pulp and paper industry wastewater. Thus, it is possible to clarify the effluent more efficiently before launching it in waterbodies. To test the applicability of the auxiliary agent of coagulation, two coagulation and flocculation assay diagrams were developed: the first diagram only shows ...
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Evaluation of chitosan as a natural coagulant for drinking water treatment
Chitosan, a natural biopolymer, was evaluated for its ability to be used as a coagulant to treat water for potable use both in isolation and in combination with other water treatment technologies, specifically ion-exchange and activated carbon. Chitosan was found to be very effective for particle removal at doses far below those required for equivalent turbidity removal by inorganic coagulants. ...
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Growth characteristics of
Microcystis aeruginosa and their effects on coagulation process efficiencyIn this study, coagulation efficiencies for each growth phase of Microcystis aeruginosa, one of the main species involved in eutrophication in South Korea, were examined at the laboratory scale to obtain data on removal characteristics of this organism during the coagulation process. This study also defines the optimum growth conditions to culture M. aeruginosa in a laboratory environment. The ...
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