Abstract Often there is a need for quick field measurement of gas condensate concentration in produced water, such as when performing process optimization, water treatment verification and routine process monitoring. Rigorous laboratory analysis methods such as gravimetric oil and grease measurements or gas chromatographic methods are not sufficiently sensitive to process changes ...
Abstract Legislation worldwide and current technologies used in the treatment of offshore oil & gas/condensate produced water are mainly aimed at the removal of dispersed hydrocarbons (dispersed oil). Beginning of this century, new insights in the Norwegian part of the North Sea area were obtained on the toxic content of produced water and its impact on the environment. This was recently ...
Abstract Legislation worldwide and current technologies used in the treatment of offshore oil and gas/condensate produced water are mainly aimed at the removal of dispersed hydrocarbons (dispersed oil). From the beginning of this century, new insights in the North Sea area revealed that specific contaminants in produced water are toxic and their impact on the environment was assessed. This ...
During offshore production of gas, condensate and oil, water is co produced in significant amounts and discharged into the sea. For dispersed oil (“free oil”) emission standards of 40 ppm or higher are applied, depending on local ...
Abstract During offshore production of gas, condensate and oil, water is co produced in significant amounts and discharged into the sea. For dispersed oil (“free oil”) emission standards of 40 ppm or higher are applied, depending on local legislation. However for dissolved hydrocarbons such as Benzene, Toluene, Ethyl, Ethylbenzene, Xylene etc. (Aromatics), Polycyclic Aromatic ...
The EPA has issued three final rules that will curb emissions of methane, smog-forming volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and toxic air pollutants such as benzene from new, reconstructed and modified oil and gas sources, while providing greater certainty about Clean Air Act permitting requirements for the industry. The EPA’s amended and new regulations affecting methane (CH4) and VOC ...
1. Background A large hospital located in Italy is constantly striving to maximize operational efficiency while reducing water and energy consumption. The water treatment boiler is crucial as the low pressure boilers are producing steam for medical uses, hot water and electrical power. For a complete and economical solution in order to save costs in their boiler operation ...
This article is excerpted from 'Pure Water Handbook' published by Osmonics®, Inc. of Minnetonka, Minnesota USA and is printed with permission of Osmonics, Inc. Water treatment can be defined as any procedure or method used to alter the chemical composition or natural 'behavior' of a water supply. Water supplies are classified as either surface water or groundwater. The majority of public or ...
An increasingly water-stressed world takes a new look at desalination. It seems simple enough: Take the salt out of water so it’s drinkable. But it’s far more complex than it appears at first glance. It’s also increasingly crucial in a world where freshwater resources are progressively strained by population growth, development, droughts, ...