conductivity cell Articles
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Tech Tip: Deploying Sea-Bird CTD in Ice
Large numbers of Sea-Bird conductivity instruments have been used in Arctic and Antarctic programs. Special accommodation to keep temperature, conductivity, oxygen, and optical sensors at or above 0° C is advised. Often, the CTD is brought inside protective doors between casts to achieve this. Conductivity Cell When freezing is possible, we recommend that the conductivity sensor be stored ...
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Degradation of gestodene (GES)–17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) mixture by electrochemical oxidation
Evidence of the negative effects of several pharmaceutical molecules, such as hormones and steroids, on the environment can be observed throughout the world. This paper presents the results of the anodic oxidation of the mixture of gestodene steroid hormones and 17 α-ethinylestradiol present in aqueous medium. The tests were conducted in an undivided cell containing a working volume of 50 mL, ...
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Conductive nanowires coated with a semiconductive shell as the photoanode in dye–sensitised solar cells
Dye–sensitised solar cells (DSSCs) based on indium–doped ZnO (IZO) core/TiO2 shell nanowires are fabricated using anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) templates. Polarisation characteristics are used to evaluate overall DSSC performance as a function of titania shell thickness while open–circuit voltage decay (OCVD) analysis elucidates the effect of shell thickness on both the order of the recombination ...
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Using an Automated Rowe Cell for Constant Rate of Strain Consolidation Testing
The paper describes the automation and calibration of a hydraulic Rowe consolidation cell that tests 151-mm-diameter by 60-mm-high specimens. The associated measurement instrumentation for the cell and specimen preparation procedures are also described. The cell was used to perform a set of one-dimensional constant rate of strain (CRS) tests at two vertical strain rates, 0.1 and 1%/h. The ...
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Design and Evaluation of a Flow Pump System for Column Testing
The design of the equipment components of a flow pump system for the measurement of solute (effluent) breakthrough curves from soil columns is described. In addition, the performance of the system in terms of the effects of equipment components and temperature on measured differential pressure fluctuations across soil specimens is illustrated. The flow pump for the system provides continuous flow ...
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Thermal conductivity and stability of nanosize carbon-black-filled PDMS: fuel cell perspective
Carbon black filled polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was considered as a prospective bipolar plate material candidate for a fuel cell. In this perspective, thermal conductivity and stability of the composites were investigated. Samples with filler weight fractions from 10% to 25% were prepared. The Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) study under oxygen atmosphere has shown good thermal stability of the ...
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Verifying the Use of Specific Conductance as a Surrogate for Chloride in Seawater Matrices
ABSTRACT Coastal groundwater supplies, when overused, are particularly vulnerable to chloride contamination due to their close proximity to saltwater. Bevated chloride concentration in groundwater isthe most commonly used indicator of saltwater intrusion in coastal aquifers. Father well-defined relationships of specific conductance (SC) to chloride exist (Hem 1992: Christensen et al. 1999). To ...
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Separation of emulsified crude oil in saline water by flotation with micro- and nanobubbles generated by a multiphase pump
The flocculation–column flotation with hydraulic loading (HL, >10 m h−1) was studied for the treatment of oil-in-water emulsions containing 70–400 mg L−1 (turbidity = 70–226 NTU) of oil and salinity (30 and 100 g L−1). A polyacrylamide (Dismulgan, 20 mg L−1) flocculated the oil droplets, using two floc generator reactors, with rapid and slow mixing stages (head loss = 0.9 to 3.5 bar). ...
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ETC Soil Remediation, A More Efficient Way to Treat Explosives-Contaminated Soil.
When industries are ready to restore sites contaminated with explosives-impacted soil, they can cut their timeline in half — while staying on budget — by choosing to deploy advanced technology that’s proven to outpace traditional soil remediation methods.In the U.S., it’s estimated there are over 1.2 million tons of explosives-impacted soil contaminated sites. It goes without saying that this ...
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DESWAT project in Romania
Background Romania has a wide-area stream network which is of great importance for the drinking water supply of the population. In order to enable timely precautions for the protection of the drinking water supply and the ecosystem in case of limit values being exeeded, an early warning system is projected. In the past few years, Romania had to cope with massive flooding. Therefore the ...
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USP <645> - simple automated analysis of ultrapure water
H2O – two simple elements, oxygen (O) and hydrogen (H), fuse together to form one of the most important molecules in the world: water. Water is everywhere on Earth and it is vital for our health and survival. It often contains other ions like calcium, magnesium, and chloride which are essential for the human body to function. However, in specific situations, ...
By Metrohm AG
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The Basics of Conductivity Electrodes
What is Conductivity? Specific conductance, or conductivity, with regards to water quality is the measurement of how many and how mobile ions are in solution. The more ions that are present and the faster they can move, the higher the conductivity. This water quality parameter is measured in Siemens/cm (S/cm), or more commonly microSiemens/cm (µS/cm). Conductivity is also the inverse of ...
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Celdar Technology - Sludge Dewatering - Case Study
Having developed, during the last 15 years many applications of electrocoagulation (EC) , the objective of this work done in INTECNA’s Group Laboratories is to find an operationally applicable system to increase the dry substance content during the sludge dehydration process of civil and industrial ...
By Intecna srl
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Study of photoluminescence quenching and DC conductivity measurements in polymer-SWNT composite films for various SWNT concentrations
Conducting polymer-SWNT composite films have a high potential in the area of photovoltaic devices and light emitting diodes (LEDs). SWNTs have high electron affinity and high mobility for electrons. As a result of this, the separation of photoinduced charges in the solar cell is very fast and efficient. For LEDs, the polymer-SWNT composite films act as efficient electron transporting layer (ETL). ...
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Prediction of flux decline during membrane filtration of leather plant effluent
A membrane-based scheme has been proposed for the treatment of leather plant effluent. The effluent coming out from the various steps of leather plant are combined and Nanofiltration (NF) and Reverse Osmosis (RO) are adopted. Performances of two NF membranes are evaluated. Experiments are conducted using an unstirred batch cell. It is observed that a combined operation of NF using 400 MWCO ...
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Combined electrocoagulation and electro-oxidation of industrial textile wastewater treatment in a continuous multi-stage reactor
A combined electrocoagulation (EC) and electrochemical oxidation (EO) industrial textile wastewater treatment potential is evaluated in this work. A fractional factorial design of experiment showed that EC current density, followed by pH, were the most significant factors. Conductivity and number of electrooxidation cells did not affect chemical oxygen demand degradation (DCOD). Aluminum and ...
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Evaluation of microbial population and attachment study during bio–heap leaching at Malanjkhand copper project
Microbial analysis of a 2X1000–tonne bio–heap leaching plant of Malanjkhand copper ore was done. Continuous monitoring of the micro–organism profile was done through conventional methods. The evolution of microbial population was done at quarterly intervals. The bacterial cultures were allowed to grow on Feo medium and FeSo medium. Three iron–oxidising acidophiles, namely, ...
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Solvothermal synthesis and microstructure of TiO
2nanowires on transparent conducting oxide substrateTiO2 nanowires were synthesised directly on FTO by solvothermal method. X–ray diffraction (XRD), field–emission scanning electron microscopy (FE–SEM) and high–resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) were used to characterise the TiO2 nanowires. The TiO2 nanowire formation was critically affected by reaction temperature and titanium precursor. The high density and well–aligned TiO2 ...
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An in situ investigation of the effect of hydrogen on ferritic stainless steel
Hydrogen ingress into ferritic stainless steels causes significant changes in their microstructure, leading, among other things, to the formation of microtwins and the increase of dislocation density. These changes also lead to the formation of microcracks and surface crevices. Moreover, the absorbed hydrogen expands the lattice parameter of Cr-alloyed ferrite. The formation of hydrides in ...
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Treatment of dyeing effluent from tannery using membrane separation processes
Treatment of a dyeing bath of a tannery was carried out using a hybrid membrane-based separation scheme consisting of Nanofiltration (NF) followed by Reverse Osmosis (RO). Experiments were conducted using a cross-flow cell in continuous mode. The performance criteria of the separation scheme were evaluated in terms of dye concentration, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biological Oxygen Demand ...
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