conductivity sensor Articles
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Electrical conductivity as a state indicator for the start-up period of anaerobic fixed-bed reactors
The aim of this work was to analyse the applicability of electrical conductivity sensors for on-line monitoring the start-up period of an anaerobic fixed-bed reactor. The evolution of bicarbonate concentration and methane production rate was analysed. Strong linear relationships between electrical conductivity and both bicarbonate concentration and methane production rate were observed. ...
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Calibration of Thermal Conductivity Sensors for Measuring Soil Suction
The accuracy of suction measurements using thermal conductivity sensors is dependent upon their calibration. Therefore, a calibration study was undertaken by using a modified, commercially available, pressure plate extractor. The experimental setup along with the calibration procedure are described. Typical calibration results are presented. In general, results showed reasonable agreement between ...
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Linear Conversion of Conductivity To Salinity
Disclaimer: This article covers an equation for linear scaling of conductivity sensors to estimate salinity based on the Practical Salinity Scale of 1978 (PSS-78). The equation effectively estimates seawater salinity between the practical salinity ranges of 22 and 42, temperatures 5-35°C, and pressure less than 200 dBar, using a temperature-compensated conductivity sensor. This is not for ...
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Rugged, low-cost solution for conductivity measurement in steam sterilizable and Clean in Place (CIP) food, beverage & dairy applications - Case Study
The Problem: An international food manufacturing company performs periodic clean in place (CIP) on their process lines to ensure the safety and quality of its products. The CIP process involves using hot acid and base cleaning solutions run in succession with concentrations monitored by conductivity measurements. The systems the company had been using employed toroidal sanitary conductivity ...
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Tech Tip: Deploying Sea-Bird CTD in Ice
Large numbers of Sea-Bird conductivity instruments have been used in Arctic and Antarctic programs. Special accommodation to keep temperature, conductivity, oxygen, and optical sensors at or above 0° C is advised. Often, the CTD is brought inside protective doors between casts to achieve this. Conductivity Cell When freezing is possible, we recommend that the conductivity sensor be stored ...
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BKIN50 Conductivity Sensor Working In Extreme Condition
A key safety feature is the conductivity probe sourced from Solumetrix. This probe measures the increase in conductivity of the mixture after the dose is delivered and in the event of an over dose will shut the system ...
By Solumetrix
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Monitoring underground water resources in Brazil - Case study
The Coca-Cola FENSA plant in Mogi das Cruzes is responsible for bottling mineral water supplied from two ground water sources. The plant is a benchmark for environmental sustainability projects. With this pioneer project the Mogi das Cruzes plant was the first of the Coca-Cola FENSA Group to install an online analysis monitoring, using the OTT PLS and OTT DuoSens datalogger, along with other Hach ...
By OTT HydroMet
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Aquaread launch new products – the LeveLine-CTD and LeveLine-Mini-CTD at Geotechnica 2017
Today we are excited to announce the launch of two new products to join our wide range of precise, scientific water testing equipment. Following the success of the LeveLine water level and temperature logger, we have expanded the range, adding conductivity sensors to both the regular LeveLine and the SDi-12 mini ...
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KNMI - Field test of the Lufft / Jenoptik SHM30 laser snow depth sensor - Case Study
Field test report of the Lufft / Jenoptik SHM30 laser snow depth sensor, conducted by Netherlands weather service KNMI - R&D Information and Observation Technology - De Bilt, from December 2011 - June ...
By OTT HydroMet
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Numerical Modeling of a Thermal Conductivity Matric Suction Sensor
Thermal conductivity matric suction sensors appear to be a promising device for the measurement of suction in soil. The technique indirectly measures matric suction by measuring the thermal conductivity of a ceramic block. This paper uses both a spherical and a cylindrical porous medium to simulate the heat flow in a thermal conductivity matric suction sensor. It is found that, although the ...
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Verifying the Use of Specific Conductance as a Surrogate for Chloride in Seawater Matrices
ABSTRACT Coastal groundwater supplies, when overused, are particularly vulnerable to chloride contamination due to their close proximity to saltwater. Bevated chloride concentration in groundwater isthe most commonly used indicator of saltwater intrusion in coastal aquifers. Father well-defined relationships of specific conductance (SC) to chloride exist (Hem 1992: Christensen et al. 1999). To ...
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Role of the active layer thickness on the sensitivity of WO
3gas sensorsSensitive materials in gas sensors are often polycrystalline semiconducting oxides such as WO3, SnO2, CuO or ZnO. They are most often composed of nanometric grains. They can be deposited either as thin or thick films. The film thickness plays an important role in the response stability and sensitivity of sensors. It is now well accepted that the relationship between the surface and volume of the ...
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Types and maintenance of soil salinity sensors
Background: When people think of salt in relation to crops, the impression is that salt is bad for plant growth. However, it must be remembered that whenever we apply fertilizer, we are adding salt to the soil. So, when measuring soil salt, it can be a case of too much or too little. If the salinity is too high, the roots cannot absorb water. If the salinity is too low, the plants may lack ...
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Explore Our Sterlitech Refurbished Test Skids
Certified and quality-tested, our refurbished test skids are readily available at reduced prices together with a 12-month service warranty What are Sterlitech Refurbished Test Skids? Our refurbished test skids are Skid Mounted Membrane Filtration Systems which were returned by our customers after completing their rental period. These skids are available as digital or analog configurations. ...
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What are float switches and how are they used?
As we’re in a niche manufacturing market and most of our friends don’t know what we do we thought we write about our different product offering and their usage. Hope this helps define what it is we do. Here’s article #1 – what are float switches and how are they used? A float switch is a device used to detect the level of liquid within a tank. The switch may be used ...
By FPI Sensors
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Groundwater monitoring around hydraulic fracturing sites in Colorado - Case study
Hydraulic fracturing or ‘Fracking’ has become more prevalent and controversial in the US in recent years. More than 90 percent of new wells in the US are completed using this method. While it is endorsed by some as a game-changer that promises an increase in the nation’s economy due to energy independence, job creation, and lower energy prices; others are calling for a temporary ...
By OTT HydroMet
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How do Liquid Level Sensors Work？
In this article, we’ll cover everything you need to know about Liquid Level Sensors, from how they work to different types of applications.What is a liquid level sensor? Liquid level sensors are used to monitor and regulate levels of a particular free-flowing substance within a contained space. These substances are usually liquid, however liquid level sensor can also be used to monitor solids, ...
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Electronic transport across hydrogen bonds in organic electronics
Hydrogen bonds (H–bonds) are relatively weak and result from non–covalent interactions. Despite their relatively low strength compared to other bonds of biochemical relevance, they play a vital role in determining the structure and function of biological molecules owing to their directionality and cooperativeness. This has led to an intense effort in harnessing the properties of these hydrogen ...
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GasCheck tests offshore pipeline leakages
Industry: Oil and Gas Application: Testing pipeline leaks on offshore oil rigs Customer: PSL Energy Services Introduction GasCheck 5000is was recently selected by PSL Energy Services to test pipeline leakages of major oil and gas companies. Based in Singapore, PSL are a leading provider of wells, pipeline, and process services for global customers including Shell, BP, Exxon Mobil, HHI, Keppel ...
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Dissolved Oxygen – the discussion moves on
Do Dissolved Oxygen Sensors need Cleaning? The re-emergence of Optical Dissolved Oxygen Sensors around 6-7 years ago generated a lively and interesting discussion which revolved around the relative merits of Optical and Galvanic Dissolved Oxygen sensors. We understand that opinions will differ, so in order to accommodate our customers preferences we are pleased to offer our OxyTechw² sensor ...
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