Cryptosporidiosis Articles
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The impact of climate variability and change on cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis rates in New Zealand
Aim: To investigate the spatial relationship between climate variability and cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis notifications in New Zealand between 1997 and 2006.Methods: Negative binomial regression was used to analyse spatial relationships between cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis notifications in New Zealand between 1997 and 2006, and climatological average rainfall and temperature at the Census ...
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A positive association between cryptosporidiosis notifications and ambient temperature, Victoria, Australia, 2001–2009
Increased temperatures provide optimal conditions for pathogen survival, virulence and replication as well as increased opportunities for human–pathogen interaction. This paper examined the relationship between notifications of cryptosporidiosis and temperature in metropolitan and rural areas of Victoria, Australia between 2001 and 2009. A negative binomial regression model was used to ...
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Limiting swimming pool outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis – the roles of regulations, staff, patrons and research
Cryptosporidium is the leading cause of swimming pool outbreaks of gastroenteritis. Transmission occurs through the ingestion of oocysts that are passed in the faeces of an infected person or animal when an accidental faecal release event occurs. Cryptosporidium parasites present specific challenges for infection control as oocysts are highly resistant to chlorine levels used for pool ...
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Associations between extreme precipitation and acute gastro-intestinal illness due to cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis in an urban Canadian drinking water system (1997–2009)
Drinking water related infections are expected to increase in the future due to climate change. Understanding the current links between these infections and environmental factors is vital to understand and reduce the future burden of illness. We investigated the relationship between weekly reported cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis (n = 7,422), extreme precipitation (>90th percentile), ...
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The first recorded outbreak of cryptosporidiosis due to
Cryptosporidium cuniculus (formerly rabbit genotype), following a water quality incidentWe report the first identified outbreak of cryptosporidiosis with Cryptosporidium cuniculus following a water quality incident in Northamptonshire, UK. A standardised, enhanced Cryptosporidium exposure questionnaire was administered to all cases of cryptosporidiosis after the incident. Stool samples, water testing, microscopy slides and rabbit gut contents positive for Cryptosporidium were ...
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Outbreak of Giardiasis and Cryptosporidiosis Associated with a Neighborhood Interactive Water FountainFlorida, 2006
An outbreak of giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis was identified in central Florida in September 2006. Environmental and epidemiological investigations indicated the likely source was a neighborhood interactive water fountain in a large upscale urban neighborhood. Forty-nine cases meeting the case definition were identified, of which 38 were giardiasis, nine were cryptosporidiosis, and two were ...
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How to keep drinking water safe from `little animals`
Disease causing agents can be broken up into three groups, Bacteria, Viruses and Protozoa. Cryptosporidium belongs to the third group, Protozoa. The word protozoa comes from the Greek word for ‘little animal’.One aspect of Cryptosporidium which makes it problematic from a water treatment perspective is that at one stage in its life cycle it produces small spore like bodies known as cysts. These ...
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Review of swimming-associated cryptosporidiosis and Cryptosporidium oocysts removals from swimming pools
In this paper, outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis in swimming pools in the last 20 years are summarized. Cryptosporidium oocysts are very resistant to many disinfectants, including chlorine, one of the most widely-used disinfectants in swimming pools. Ozone or UV is shown to inactivate Cryptosporidium, while not effective to newly introduced Cryptosporidium and bacteria because of no residual ozone ...
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USEPA Method 1623 and 1623.1
Introduction Cryptosporidium spp. and Giar-dia intestinaiis are well-known waterborne pathogens that have caused disease outbreaks around the globe. The 1993 outbreak of cryptosporidiosis in Milwaukee and subsequent outbreaks have stimulated research regarding the occurrence and behavior of these pathogens in natural waters. Substantial research efforts have been expended to identify factors ...
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Prevalence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in Muskrats in Northeastern Pennsylvania and New Jersey
Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. are intestinal parasites that affect humans and animals throughout the world. Although infection with Giardia spp. is usually self-limiting, some cases result in mild to severe enteritis. Giardiasis can be treated with modern drugs. The increasing incidence of well-documented outbreaks of Cryptosporidiosis has resulted in a growing awareness of the danger of ...
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Disposable swim diaper retention of
Cryptosporidium -sized particles on human subjects in a recreational water settingCryptosporidium is a chlorine-resistant protozoan parasite responsible for the majority of waterborne disease outbreaks in recreational water venues in the USA. Swim diapers are commonly used by diaper-aged children participating in aquatic activities. This research was intended to evaluate disposable swim diapers for retaining 5-μm diameter polystyrene microspheres, which were used as ...
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UV Experience for Inactivating Cryptosporidium in Surface Water Plants
Untitled Document The disinfection of pathogenic microbes in drinking water has been largely successful over the last century due to the use of chlorination. However, research conducted in the 1970's revealed that by-products formed during the chlorination process are potentially carcinogenic and that there is a direct correlation between the concentration of ...
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Rapid method for viable
Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts detectionCryptosporidium parvum is a waterborne coccidian protozoan parasite known to infect humans, resulting in an illness known as cryptosporidiosis. The widely used USEPA method 1622 to detect Cryptosporidium is time consuming, and unable to provide the information on oocysts viability and species. In order to develop a fast detection method for viable C. parvum oocysts, a 0.2 μm pore size hollow ...
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Cryptosporidium infection, onsite wastewater systems and private wells in the arid SouthwestFew prior studies have examined the potential health risks from transmission of enteric parasites via aquifers contaminated by wastewater from onsite systems. A cross-sectional study of 600 residents in households served with either onsite wastewater systems and private wells or city sewer/water systems in three different sites in central New Mexico compared serological responses to ...
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UV Experience for Inactivating Cryptosporidium in Surface Water Plants
The disinfection of pathogenic microbes in drinking water has been largely successful over the last century due to the use of chlorination. However, research conducted in the 1970's revealed that by-products formed during the chlorination process are potentially carcinogenic and that there is a direct correlation between the concentration of chlorination by-products and the probability of certain ...
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Does the use of tubular digesters to treat livestock waste lower the risk of infection from Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia lamblia?
Worldwide, high incidences of cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis are attributed to livestock waste. Quantitative microbial risk assessment can be used to estimate the risk of livestock related infections from Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia lamblia. The objective of this paper was to assess the occupational and public health risks associated with management of raw and anaerobically digested ...
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Cryptosporidium genotypes and subtypes distribution in river water in IranLittle is known about the diversity and public health significance of Cryptosporidium species in river waters in Iran. In the present study, we determined the genotype and subtype distribution of Cryptosporidium spp. in river water samples in Iran. A total of 49 surface water samples were collected from rivers and surface water in Guilan and Tehran provinces during 2009–2010. Water ...
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Human infective potential of Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in urban wastewater treatment plant effluents
Cryptosporidiosis, giardiasis, and microsporidiosis are important waterborne diseases. In the standard for wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents in China and other countries, the fecal coliform count is the only microbial indicator, raising concerns about the potential for pathogen transmission through WWTP effluent reuse. In this study, we collected 50 effluent samples (30 L/sample) ...
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Cryptosporidiosis Outbreak in a Nassau County, Florida, Return Travel Group from Ireland, May 24, 2006-June 4, 2006
The Nassau County Health Department (NCHD) in Florida investigated an outbreak of gastrointestinal (GI) illness in a returning choral group who toured Ireland from May 24 to June 4, 2006. The travel group, consisting predominantly of retirees, had performed at several churches and at a dinner theater in Ireland. The NCHD administered a telephone questionnaire to 40 of the 41 group members to ...
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AWWA Member Spotlight – Jeanine Dudle, Ph.D., P.E., Brookfield, Mass.
Job title and employer: Associate Professor, Civil & Environmental Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI) Education: B.S., Civil Engineering, Cornell University; M.S., Environmental Engineering, and Ph.D., Civil Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst Job duties: I teach undergraduate courses in environmental engineering and laboratory methods and advise student ...
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